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Warm Up

Warm Up. What was the “Open Door” policy and what country was it aimed at? What does it mean when we say that the US “Opened” Japan? Why did the US go to war with Spain and what territories did the US acquire as a result of the war ?

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Warm Up

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  1. Warm Up • What was the “Open Door” policy and what country was it aimed at? • What does it mean when we say that the US “Opened” Japan? • Why did the US go to war with Spain and what territories did the US acquire as a result of the war? • What constitutional issue developed as a result of the U.S. becoming an imperial power? • What reason did McKinley give for retaining the Philippians?

  2. Problems in Cities at the turn of the Century (1890s-1900s)

  3. Review • Who was Madison Grant and what were his main ideas? • Who were the “New” immigrants and why was their a lot of hostility towards them? • A = People from Southern & Eastern Europe. They were different than most previous immigrants to America in that they were not of the “Nordic” race and were primarily Catholic and Jewish.

  4. Jacob Riis • Born in Denmark • America’s 1st Photojournalist • Book = How the Other Half Lives: Studies Among the Tenements of New York. • It about the poor living conditions of the “New” immigrants.

  5. Increased Urbanization • More people moving to cities at end of 1800s. • Improved farm machines = fewer farm jobs. People went to cities to look for work. • “New Immigrants” also going to cities.

  6. Social Problems • High crime rates • Poor housing for the poor and “New immigrants” (Tenements). • Bad Sanitation

  7. Dumbbell Tenements • Type of tenement that got narrow in middle. • Built like this because a law said every room needed a window.

  8. If you were an immigrant from Italy arriving in New York city in 1900, what would you need once you got here? Who do you think would help you?

  9. Reading • Read textbook pg. 238 “Political Corruption” • Read Handout

  10. Political Corruption • Lots of $ being spent as cities got more crowded. • Political Machines = political organizations that exchanged favors for votes. • Once in power, used political offices to get $ and give favors. • Most Democratic Political Machines give favors to “new Immigrants” to get their votes. • Most famous machine is Tammany Hall in New York City.

  11. William “Boss” Tweed • Leader of Tammany Hall

  12. Why Would people not like corrupt Political Machines? • Because people in government are supposed to do things for the public good, not to make $ for themselves. • Also, people should vote for who will do the best for everybody, not because they did you a favor.

  13. Jane Addams • Wants to help urban immigrants. • Settlement Houses —provide educational and social services for immigrants. • Hull House (Chicago)

  14. Differing Views on “New” Immigrants. • People like Jane Addams want to help them assimilate—learn how to be like everybody else. • Others hold nativist attitudes—they do not really want any immigrants coming to the US (especially ones that are not from western and northern Europe and are not Protestant. • Nativists generally call for laws to limit immigration.

  15. Recap • What were some of the problems with cities in at the turn of the century? • Who was Jacob Riis, what was the name of his book, and what was it about? • What were political machines and what was their relationship to the “New” Immigrants? • What was the most infamous political machine? • What were settlement houses? • What was the name of the most famous settlement house and who was the woman who ran it?

  16. Re-Cap • By 1900s, Eastern cities were getting larger, but this created many problems. • Jacob Riis documented the many problems that the “New Immigrants” faced in America. • Most big-city governments were run by political machines like Tammany hall and where corrupt. • Settlement Houses were set up to help the “New Immigrants.”

  17. Melting pot v. Salad bowl

  18. The melting pot is a metaphor for a heterogeneous society becoming more homogeneous, the different elements "melting together" into a harmonious whole with a common culture. It is particularly used to describe the assimilation of immigrants to the United States;

  19. The Salad Bowl • the salad bowl analogy where the ingredients are encouraged to retain their cultural identities, thus retaining their "integrity and flavor" while contributing to a tasty salad

  20. Increased transportation • Cable-cars • Trolley cars • Subways • Allow for cities to get even bigger.

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