1 / 22

The English Renaissance: Celebrating Humanity: 1485-1625

The English Renaissance: Celebrating Humanity: 1485-1625. Life in Elizabethan and Jacobean England. London expanded greatly as a city People moved in from rural areas and from other European countries Strict class system Busy and crowded; lots of commerce, craftsmen

adam-york
Download Presentation

The English Renaissance: Celebrating Humanity: 1485-1625

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. The English Renaissance:Celebrating Humanity: 1485-1625

  2. Life in Elizabethan and Jacobean England • London expanded greatly as a city • People moved in from rural areas and from other European countries • Strict class system • Busy and crowded; lots of commerce, craftsmen • Grew into substantial port and admired European city Southwark: suburb known for its “vice” – theaters, gaming, prostitution, etc. London was a cesspool—“The Thames was a beautiful sewer” and disease and criminals ran wild.

  3. The ground sloped toward the river so that human and animal waste would – drain down to the river. It worked, mostly. London & The Thames Architecture: Theatres

  4. Punishment for Offenses against the State: - hanged until half dead, then taken down and quartered alive; members and bowels cut from their bodies, and thrown into a fire, provided near hand and within their own sight, even for the same purpose • Other Less Serious Offenses: - murder: hanging till dead - theft: stocked, then whipped; pressed to death; branded - suicide: stake driven through their hearts Crime & Punishment

  5. The London Bills of Mortality • main source of mortality statistics of plague deaths fm. 1600s-1830s (1/3 pop. dies in London) • used as way of warning about plague epidemics • made in London after outbreak of plague in 1592 • After the 1603 outbreak, they were made on a weekly basis • gave everybody information as to increases or decreases in number of deaths. • collected by Parish Clerks and published every week I’m baaack…

  6. Four serious outbreaks of the disease occurred in 1563, 1593 , 1603 and 1608. • Theatres (The Globe, The Swan, and The Rose) closed in the summer months. • In 1563, Queen Elizabeth moved to Windsor Castle + had gallows erected to hang anyone arriving from London. • In 1563, in London = over 20,000 people died • In 1665 the Great Plague of London killed 16% of pop. (17,500out of the population of 93,000) • The same outbreak of 1563 claimed 80,000 people in England • December 1592-December 1593 Stow (Elizabethan archivist) reported 10,675 plague deaths in London, a city of approximately 200,000 people How many times do we have to go through this???

  7. Family lost to the plague: sisters Joan, Margaret ( just babies) and Anne (aged 7) brother Edmund (aged 27) only son Hamnet (aged 11) Conditions in London : no sewage system waste just dumped into the River Thames Life expectancy = 35 yrs. How did the plague affect the hero of our tale?

  8. Smallpox: high fever, vomiting, excessive bleeding, and pus-filled scabs that leave deep pitted scars • Syphilis: (pox) no antibiotics meant fever, body aches, blindness, full body pustules, meningitis, insanity, and leaking heart valves. • Typhus: Crowded, filthy conditions,/near total lack of bathing = body lice that defecated on skin when scratched. Just one minor cut/sore for the typhus infected feces to enter bloodstream>high fever, delirium, and gangrenous sores. • Malaria: (ague) fever, unbearable chills, vomiting, enlarged liver, low blood pressure, seizures, and coma Shakespeare's London: - overcrowded, rat-infested, sexually promiscuous, with raw sewage flowing in Thames, was hub for the nastiest diseases known to man. Here are the worst of the worst. And don’t forget the plague! What a fun place…

  9. What next? FIRE? Are you KIDDING me????? How does anybody survive this place?

  10. September 2, 1666: a small fire on Pudding Lane, in bakery of Thomas Farynor, baker to King Charles II • baker and his family escaped but fear-struck maid perished in the blaze • most London houses = wood and pitch construction, dangerously flammable, and the fire spread to hay/feed piles on the yard of the Star Inn at Fish Street Hill, took off • strong wind sent sparks igniting Church of St. Margar + then spread to riverside warehouses + wharves filled with hemp, oil, tallow, hay, timber, coal and spirits…

  11. Renaissance= rebirth • Rebirth of: • interest in learning, especially that of ancient Greece and Rome • civilization in general • arts and sciences • Reaction to “Dark Ages” of medieval • Europe • Movement away from the restrictions • of the Church Remember that creepy Pardoner?

  12. Historically speaking… UK represent! Exploration by sea: John Cabot, 1497 Religious rifts: New sense of nationalism prompted many to question ethics in and teachings of Church Questioning of Papal authority and Scripture Erasmus (Dutch) – version of New Testament Thomas More – Utopia Protestant Reformation sparked by Martin Luther’s 95 theses

  13. The Monarchy: strengthening themselves and the nation Henry VII: • Catholic • Restorer of national economy and prestige of • monarchy Henry VIII: • Catholic, at first… • Supports Pope against religious dissenters • (“Defender of the Faith”) • But… • Church’s refusal to annul his marriage leads to break from Catholicism • Dissolves Church ownership of property, monasteries • Has Thomas More executed for refusing to renounce Catholic faith • Marries 6 times • Fathers Elizabeth and Mary; has a son, Edward, with his 3rd wife, Jane Seymour

  14. More Tudor action… Edward, Henry VIII’s son, rules from the ages of 9-15 (whatever; that’s like a 7th grader ruling your country) • Parliament drastically changes religious practices • English replaces Latin • Book of Common Prayer required in public worship England is on its way to becoming a Protestant nation until… We’re back, baby! Mary I takes throne • Restores Roman practices to Church of England • Restores authority of Pope over English Church • Known as “Bloody Mary” for ordering execution of about 300 Protestants And I could use a drink. Make it a…hmm… Mary rules for 5 years, and then…

  15. Cate BlanchettElizabeth I takes the throne! • Classically educated; patron of the arts • Reinstated monarch’s rule over Church of England, ending religious turmoil • Established climate of religious compromise • Known as one of the best rulers in English history • Spoiler alert! Dies in 1603 Hey, I wonder if that’s where they got the name for the Elizabethan period… Elizabeth… arrgh… The Mary Stuart problem: • Catholics considered Mary Stuart, Queen of Scotland, rightful heir to throne of England (marriage annulment issues) • Imprisoned by cousin, Elizabeth, for 18 years • Hatched numerous Catholic plots against her • Elizabeth let her live, punished Catholics • Parliament insisted on beheading Mary in 1587 I rule! (literally and figuratively)

  16. Life after Elizabeth…the Stuarts James I (well, James VI of Scotland, but James I of England) • Son of Mary Stuart • Named by Elizabeth as her successor • Protestant • “Jacobean” era (from Latin for James) • Expanded England’s position as world power (colony in VA) • Believed in “divine right” of monarchs • Power struggles with Parliament • Persecuted Puritans (who migrated to Plymouth Colony) Hey, I wonder if that’s where they got the name for Jamestown… Smell you later, Jimmy! I may have divine right, but this outfit is just wrong…

  17. Finally, the good stuff… Renaissance Poetry • Sonnet cycle: A series of sonnets, usually fit loosely together to form a story • Big men on campus: Philip Sidney, Edmund Spenser, Shakespeare • Two major rhyme schemes: Petrarchan/Italian and Shakespearean • Shakespearean rhyme scheme: abab, cdcd, efef, gg Lyric over narrative poetry Psst! Lyric poem: a short poem with one speaker (not necessarily the poet) who expresses thought and feeling. Sonnets! Yeah! Psst! Sonnet: 14 lines, iambic pentameter, various rhyme schemes. Word! Many sonnets consist of 8 lines setting up one idea, 4 lines responding to that idea, and a concluding couplet at the end. Rock and roll!

  18. Pastoral poetry • Idealized rustic simplicity of rural life • Heavy hitters: Christopher Marlowe and Sir Walter Raleigh I’m a poet, soldier, explorer, historian and member of the Royal Court. I am The Man - the true Renaissance man! Hey, I wonder if that’s where they got the name for Raleigh, NC…

  19. Renaissance Drama Turned away from religious focus and toward classical Greek and Roman tragedies and dramas Christopher Marlowe: First major dramatist (1580s) Shakespeare (1564-1616) • Started as actor • Famous playwright by 1592 • 37 Plays: most can be categorized as tragedy, comedy, or history • Deep understanding of what it means to be human helps maintain popularity People say that if I’d lived past 30 I might have eclipsed Shakespeare as England’s greatest playwright! Dang! And I might have gotten credit for stuff you wrote! Too bad, suckah!

  20. Renaissance Prose Which is the more satisfying bacon: pioneering English author or tasty breakfast meat? Not as popular as poetry Names to drop: Sidney, Raleigh and Thomas Nashe Sir Francis Bacon: essays, science, philosophy King James Bible • Translated Latin Bible into English • Huge achievement—probably most important in English Renaissance • 54 scholars worked 7 years! • Influential, used to this day

  21. 1485: Thomas More publishes Utopia • 1534: Church of England established • 1535: Thomas More executed • 1549: The Book of Common Prayer issued • 1558: Elizabeth I becomes Queen • 1563: More plague: 20,000 Londoners die • 1564: Shakespeare is born! Important Dates

  22. 1594: Shakespeare writes Romeo and Juliet • 1599: The Globe Theater opens • 1603: Queen Elizabeth I dies; James I becomes King of England. • 1606: Guy Fawkes executed for Gunpowder Plot • 1607: Royal Colony of Jamestown established • 1611: King James Bible published • 1616: Shakespeare dies • 1620: Pilgrims land on Plymouth Rock • 1625: King James I dies. Important Dates (Cont.)

More Related