Chapter 1 Test Review

1. Chapter 1 Test Review

2. Know the definition of homeostasis. • Research 2 ways which animals can maintain homeostasis.

3. Know the difference between a quantitative observation and a qualitative explanation.

4. Some scientists conducted an experiment in which they evaluated various measurements of human health in people who drank at least one cup of coffee a day. They found no significant differences in these health indicators between the subjects who drank only one cup of coffee a day and those who drank as many as 20 cups a day. They concluded that coffee has no adverse effects on human health. Write your answers to the following in the spaces below. • a. What were the independent and dependent variables in this experiment? • b. Was this a controlled experiment? If so, what were the control and experimental groups? • c. Do you agree with the conclusion the scientists drew from their results? Why or why not?

5. Independent = # of cups of coffee • Dependent = human health • This was not a controlled experiment because there was no groups who received 0 cups of coffee. • Your conclusion is your own opinion. Make sure you provide evidence either way.

6. Write a good Scientific question that this experiment tried to answer (manipulated and responding variable). • Some scientists conducted an experiment in which they evaluated various measurements of human health in people who drank at least one cup of coffee a day. They found no significant differences in these health indicators between the subjects who drank only one cup of coffee a day and those who drank as many as 20 cups a day. They concluded that coffee has no adverse effects on human health. Write your answers to the following in the spaces below.

7. Design an Experiment. • Be able to design an experiment. • Include • Question • Prediction • Investigation • Evaluation • Communication

8. Briefly discuss 2 of the major themes in biology that we will examine this year. Write your answer in the space below. 2 points • Ecology = the study of organisms and their environment • Evolution = how organisms adapt to survive

9. Name five characteristics that are considered distinct properties of all living things. Write your answer in the space below. • Cellular organization • Metabolism • Ability to reproduce • Ability to respond to stimuli • Homeostasis • Ability to grow and develop

10. Toads that live in hot, dry regions bury themselves in the soil during the day. List and describe the type of behavior the toad exhibits to survive. 2 points • Toads must maintain a constant internal environment (homeostasis) in order to function properly. Burying themselves in the soil is an adaptation that keeps their body temperature from rising too high and keeps their bodies from drying out.

11. List two things why is it important to study biology even if you are not planning a career in biology. 2 points • By studying biology, you can make informed decisions that impact both you and the society in which you live. Decisions about your health, your food supply, and your environment are only some of these issues.

12. Scanning, transmission • A ____________________ electron microscope passes a beam of electrons over a specimen’s surface, whereas a ____________________ electron microscope passes a beam of electrons through a thin slice of a specimen.

13. controlled • A ____________________ experiment is one in which the condition suspected to cause the effect is compared to the same situation without the suspected condition.

14. theory • A unifying explanation for a broad range of observations is a ____________________.

15. a. working alone in the lab • Which of the following is not an example of good laboratory practice? • a. working alone in the lab • b. asking permission before using equipment • c. working with a partner in the lab • d. wearing goggles in the lab

16. homeostasis • To function properly, all living things must maintain a constant internal environment through the process of ____________________.

17. results • What do you analyze after you complete your experiment ____________________?

18. d. Both a and b • Scientists share their research results by • a. publishing in scientific journals. • b. presenting at scientific meetings. • c. avoiding conflicts of interest. • d. Both a and b

19. a. A—area • Which of the following is not a correct association between an SI base unit abbreviation and its base quantity? • a. A—area • b. m—length • c. s—time • d. mol—amount of a substance

20. c. 500. • A light microscope that has an objective lens of 100x and an ocular lens of 5x has a magnification of • a. 30. c. 500. • b. 200. d. 2000.

21. b. theory. • A unifying explanation for a broad range of observations is a • a. hypothesis. c. prediction. • b. theory. d. controlled experimen

22. b. life • Biology is the study of • a. minerals. c. the weather. • b. life. d. energy.

23. c. contains information for growth and development. • All organisms possess DNA. DNA • a. creates energy for cells. • b. allows sensitivity to environmental stimuli. • c. contains information for growth and development. • d. captures energy from the sun.

24. Controlled Experiment • A procedure to collect data to test a hypothesis

25. Theory • A conclusion that has been tested over and over; is accepted but can be revised if new evidence is found

26. homeostasis • Maintaining stable internal conditions

27. cells • The smallest units of living things

28. Journals, emails, blogs, tweets • How do scientists communicate data

29. 1. Observation2. Ask a question3. Form a hypothesis4. Test hypothesis5. Analyze Data6. Draw a conclusion7. Communicate Data • Write the 7 steps to the scientific method

30. b. hypothesis • The English physician Ronald Ross knew that the parasite Plasmodium was always found in the blood of malaria patients. He thought that if the Anopheles mosquitoes were responsible for spreading malaria, then Plasmodium would be found in the mosquitoes. This idea was a • a. conclusion c. theory. • b. hypothesis. d. scientific “truth.”

31. a. with a good idea of the expected experimental results. • Scientists usually design experiments • a. with a good idea of the expected experimental results. • b. based on wild guesses. • c. in order to develop new laboratory tools. • d. All of the above