Project Management for Construction of N P P

Lec. 3 (Seminar on “Sharing Experience on Nuclear Power for Development” in Vietnam) ProjectManagement forConstruction of N P P 2013The Japan Atomic Power CompanyProjects Development Department The following materials may contain JAPC’s proprietary proprietary and confidential information; and all of or any part of these materials or information contained herein may NOT be used for any purposes other than originally intended or may NOT be reproduced, disclosed, transferred, distributed or in any manner transmitted in any tangible, electronic or any other form to any third party without prior written consent thereto by JAPC.

Contents-1 【Title 】---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 1. About JAPC ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ - 4 (1) Construction & Operation of the First of a Kind Reactors (2) Outline of Tsuruga Units 3&4　（Current Status, APWR Main Specification / Design Features) 【Outline of Construction Procedures of Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs) 】 ------------------------------------------------------------- 9 1. Law and Regulation for Construction of NPPs ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----10 (1) Two Important Laws as the regulation of NPPs in Japan (2) Main Guidelines for Safety Examination for LWRs (3) Endorsement of Academic Society and Association Codes, etc by Government 2. Procedural Steps for NPP Construction ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------14 3. Stage of Planning ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------15 (1) Site Selection (Important site conditions) (2) Procedures for Site Selection (3) Requirement for NPP Siting (Nuclear Reactor Site Evaluation Guidelines) (4) Site Selection (Accompanying events of earthquake) (5) Safety Examination (6) Requirement for NPP Siting (A large volume of condenser cooling water) (7) Requirement for NPP Siting (Solid bedrock for Earthquake-resistance) (8) Site Selection (Service Water, transportation, large temporary area) (9) Environmental Survey (Determine the Site, Topographic , Geological, Meteorological, Oceanographic and Marine Life Survey) May contain JAPC’s proprietary information. Subject to JAPC’s prior written consent before using for any other purposes than originally intended or before disclosing to any third party.

Contents-2 (10) Environmental Impact Assessment (11) 1st Public Hearing (12) Direct Dialogues with Residents (Home visits, Meeting, Newspapers, TV) 4. Preparation for Construction -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 40 (1) Procedure of Reactor Installation License from NSC Viewpoint (2) Approval Criteria for Reactor Installation License (3) Application Document for Reactor Installation License (Application Text, Appendix documents) (4) Law and Regulation for Construction of Nuclear Power Plants (5) Safety Examination (Site Evaluation Guidelines) (6) Safety Design Guidelines (7) Dose-objective Guidelines (8) 2nd Public Hearing (9) Construction permit (Examination of Detailed Design, Approval of Construction Plan) 5. Stage of Construction ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 55 (1) Major Activities in the construction of NPP (2) Flow of Construction Works (Example of PWR Plant) (3) Introduction of Many Tests and Inspections (4) Pre-service Inspection (Overview, Test items, Criteria, Schedule) (5) Operational Safety Program 6. Design and Construction Schedule of NPP in JAPAN--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 64 May contain JAPC’s proprietary information. Subject to JAPC’s prior written consent before using for any other purposes than originally intended or before disclosing to any third party.

About JAPC Construction & Operation of the First of a Kind Reactors (GW) 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 Image 0 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 (Year) May contain JAPC’s proprietary information. Subject to JAPC’s prior written consent before using for any other purposes than originally intended or before disclosing to any third party.

About JAPC Outline of Tsuruga Units 3&4 ■ Type : APWR (Twin Type) ■ Location : Tsuruga City, Fukui Prefecture ■ Electrical Output : 1,538MWe x 2 ■ Operation Start (Target) : Unit 3; Mar.2016, Unit 4; Mar.2017 May contain JAPC’s proprietary information. Subject to JAPC’s prior written consent before using for any other purposes than originally intended or before disclosing to any third party.

Current Status of Site Preparation Work Mountain-side Tsuruga-3&4(image) Sea-side May contain JAPC’s proprietary information. Subject to JAPC’s prior written consent before using for any other purposes than originally intended or before disclosing to any third party.

About JAPC APWR Main Specifications (PCCV: Pre-stressed Concrete Containment Vessel) May contain JAPC’s proprietary information. Subject to JAPC’s prior written consent before using for any other purposes than originally intended or before disclosing to any third party. 2

About JAPC APWR Design Features 3 May contain JAPC’s proprietary information. Subject to JAPC’s prior written consent before using for any other purposes than originally intended or before disclosing to any third party. Quotation of the above pictures in this document has been allowed by MHI

Outline of Construction Procedures of Nuclear Power Plants

Law and Regulation Law and Regulationfor Construction of Nuclear Power Plants Law ・Atomic Energy Basic Law ・The Law on the Regulation of Nuclear Source Material, Nuclear Fuel Material and Reactors ・Electricity Utilities Industry Law ・Law for Environmental Impact Assessment ・Industrial Safety and Health Law, etc. May contain JAPC’s proprietary information. Subject to JAPC’s prior written consent before using for any other purposes than originally intended or before disclosing to any third party.

Law and Regulation Law and Regulationfor Construction of Nuclear Power Plants The Law on the Regulation of Nuclear Source Material, Nuclear Fuel Material and Reactors • Ensure of peaceful uses of nuclear fuel material and reactors • Secure public safety by preventing accidents • Accordance with the sprits of the Atomic Energy Basic Law Electricity Utilities Industry Law • Protect the benefits of consumers of electricity • Contrive sound development of the electric utility • Secure public safety / contribute to environmental preservation by • regulating its work of installing, constructing, maintaining and operating its • electrical facilities. May contain JAPC’s proprietary information. Subject to JAPC’s prior written consent before using for any other purposes than originally intended or before disclosing to any third party.

Law and Regulation Law and Regulationfor Construction of Nuclear Power Plants Main Guidelines for Safety Examination for LWRs Site Evaluation Guidelines ECCS Performance Evaluation Guidelines Safety Evaluation Guidelines Meteorological Guidelines for Safety Analysis Reactivity Initiated Event Evaluation Guidelines PWR Core Thermal Design Evaluation Guidelines Dose-objectives Guidelines Dose Target Evaluation Guidelines Radioactive Material Emission Measurement Guidelines Safety Design Guidelines Fire Protection Guidelines Seismic Design Guidelines Radiation Measurement Guidelines Priority Classification Guidelines May contain JAPC’s proprietary information. Subject to JAPC’s prior written consent before using for any other purposes than originally intended or before disclosing to any third party.

Law and Regulation Law and Regulationfor Construction of Nuclear Power Plants Technical Standards of METI for nuclear facility, electric equipment, fossil fuel facility, etc. Endorse Academic Society and Association Codes, etc. • Technical Guideline and Rules of the Japan Electric Association (JEA) • Technical codes of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineering (JSME) • Technical Standards of the Atomic Energy Society of Japan (AESJ), etc. May contain JAPC’s proprietary information. Subject to JAPC’s prior written consent before using for any other purposes than originally intended or before disclosing to any third party.

Procedural Steps for NPP Construction Utilities Government Local Community Site Selection EnvironmentalExamination 1st PublicHearing Opinions ofinhabitants EnvironmentalSurvey Planning EnvironmentalAssessment Advisory Committee for Resource & Energy Local Governor’sConsent Decision on basic program of power development Application for Reactor Installation License Safety Examination 2nd PublicHearing Opinions ofinhabitants Preparation forConstruction Reactor Installation License Application for Construction Plan Construction Permit (approval of Construction Plan) Start ofConstruction Pre-serviceInspection WeldingInspection Fuel Inspection Construction Application for Operational Safety Program Approval of Operational Safety Program Start ofOperation PeriodicalInspection SafetyInspection PeriodicalSafety Review Operation May contain JAPC’s proprietary information. Subject to JAPC’s prior written consent before using for any other purposes than originally intended or before disclosing to any third party

Stage ofPlanning Stage ofPlanning Site Selection • Selection of Project Site • Feasibility Study for Siting In order to determine the site, topographic, geological, meteorological and oceanographic surveys have to be carried out. • One of the most important conditions is acceptance of local community and local government. May contain JAPC’s proprietary information. Subject to JAPC’s prior written consent before using for any other purposes than originally intended or before disclosing to any third party.

Stage ofPlanning Site Selection Important site conditions are as follows: • 1. A large site area with enough distance from the public • 2. A large volume of sea water for condenser cooling • 3. Solid bedrock from the view point of Earthquake-resistance • 4. Easy to obtain plant services water • 5. Convenience for transportation of heavy components and a large temporary area for the construction work May contain JAPC’s proprietary information. Subject to JAPC’s prior written consent before using for any other purposes than originally intended or before disclosing to any third party.

Stage ofPlanning Procedures for Site Selection Basic program of power development Candidate Sites Project Scale (Number of Units & Capacity) Requirements for Plant (Area, Cooling Water, Plant Fresh Water, etc.) Topographical Feature : Scale ofEnvironmentalModification and Civil Work Geological Feature : Bedrock Depth, Ground Stability, Earthquake History, etc. Geographical Feature: Social & Environmental Features (Separation form public, etc.) Infrastructure (Power-line / Access Road / Harbor Facilities, etc.) Preliminary Site Survey (Geological Feature: Solid Bedrock/ quantity of Plant Fresh Water etc. ) Assessment (Total Cost, Safety) Site Determination Plot PlanStudy Survey Items, Scope, Method Geological:Bedrock/ Plant Design Parameter Environmental Survey Land, Marine, Atmospheric & Social environment May contain JAPC’s proprietary information. Subject to JAPC’s prior written consent before using for any other purposes than originally intended or before disclosing to any third party.

Stage ofPlanning Requirement for NPP Siting • Nuclear Reactor Site Evaluation Guideline • (by Nuclear Safety Commission) • From the view point of public safety in case of accident, the following siting conditions are required in principle. • There have not been any events which induce large accident, and no such event is expected to occur in the future.There have also been very few events which expand disaster. • Nuclear reactors shall be located at a sufficient distance from the public. • The environment of the nuclear reactor site shall be such that appropriate measures for the public protection can be implemented as required. May contain JAPC’s proprietary information. Subject to JAPC’s prior written consent before using for any other purposes than originally intended or before disclosing to any third party.

Stage ofPlanning Site Selection（ Accompanying events of earthquake） Regulatory guide for Reviewing Seismic Design of Nuclear Power Reactor Facilities (Sep.19,2006 NSC) Consideration of the accompanying events of earthquake - inclined planes around Facilities (stability on slide) - tsunami (run-up/down) Reactor Building May contain JAPC’s proprietary information. Subject to JAPC’s prior written consent before using for any other purposes than originally intended or before disclosing to any third party.

Preparation for Construction Stage ofPlanning Major Whole body exposure doses; 0.25Sv or less accidents Infants thyroid exposure doses; 1.5Sv or less Hypothetical Whole body exposure doses; 0.25Sv or less Accidents Adults thyroid exposure doses; 3Sv or less Collective doses; 20,000man-Sv or less Safety Examination［Site Evaluation Guidelines］ • <Site Evaluation Guidelines> • Purpose To confirm Adequacy of isolation between Reactor and Public in Accident • Criteria • Major Accident accidents which may occur in the worst case from technical point of view • Hypothetical Accident accidents exceeding major accidents which may not occur from technical point of view Residential Area The area where radiation hazard may occur if people stayed in the area continuously in case of a major accident. Power Station Non-residential Area High Population Area Low Population Zone (Power Station Site) The area where appropriate measures can be taken to project the public from radiation in case of a hypothetical accident. The non-residential area and low population zone are included in the site of the power station. (There are no residents in these areas in Japan.) May contain JAPC’s proprietary information. Subject to JAPC’s prior written consent before using for any other purposes than originally intended or before disclosing to any third party.

Stage ofPlanning Requirement for NPP Siting A large volume of condenser cooling water • Required Cooling Water Flow : 70 - 80 ton/sec (1,100MW class) • Cooling Water Candidates: Seawater, Large River Water, Lake Water, etc. • Because there are not large rivers in Japan, all the NPP sites are located beside the sea and use seawater for condenser cooling. May contain JAPC’s proprietary information. Subject to JAPC’s prior written consent before using for any other purposes than originally intended or before disclosing to any third party.

Stage ofPlanning Requirement for NPP Siting Solid bedrock for Earthquake-resistance • In Japan, the important buildings, structures and equipment has been erected directly on a solid bedrock or been supported by an artificial bedrock placed on a solid bedrock to suppress the amplification of vibration in case of earthquakes. • It is desirable to select a site at which such solid bedrock is found at a relatively shallow level from the ground surface. May contain JAPC’s proprietary information. Subject to JAPC’s prior written consent before using for any other purposes than originally intended or before disclosing to any third party.

Stage ofPlanning Site Selection（Site Condition） Easy to obtain plant services water • Fresh water for plant services Reactor make-up water, House-boiler, Washing insulators, System Flushing, etc. • Quantity of make-up water about several hundred to one thousand tons per day (1,000 MW Plant) • In Japan, fresh water is taken from a river near the power plant, or demineralization units supply fresh water. May contain JAPC’s proprietary information. Subject to JAPC’s prior written consent before using for any other purposes than originally intended or before disclosing to any third party.

Stage ofPlanning Site Selection（Site Condition） Convenience for transportation of heavy components and a large temporary area for the construction work • Unloading facilities for heavy components near the site. • Transportation of spent fuel casks (about 70 - 100 tons) • Transportation of heavy components, such as the reactor pressure vessel, steam generators, main transformers and generators in construction work • Temporary area for construction is needed to use for locating the contractor's temporary building, construction materials and machinery storage yards, etc. during construction period. • Single unit : 13-17×10４(m2) • Twin unit : 18-29×10４(m2) (@1,000 MW ～ 1,500MW class) Reactor Vessel of Tsuruga-2 (320ton) May contain JAPC’s proprietary information. Subject to JAPC’s prior written consent before using for any other purposes than originally intended or before disclosing to any third party.

Stage ofPlanning Survey to Determine the Site In order to determine the site, several kinds of surveys have to be carried out as follows: 1. Topographic and Geological Survey 2. Meteorological Survey 3. Oceanographic Survey and Marine Life Survey May contain JAPC’s proprietary information. Subject to JAPC’s prior written consent before using for any other purposes than originally intended or before disclosing to any third party.

Stage ofPlanning Topographic and Geological Survey the topography of the plant site and its surrounding area are investigated : <core drilling, test pitting, seismic prospecting, aerial photogrammetric etc.> (shape, depth and strength of bedrock, etc.) • to locate important structures including the reactor building (seismic history, geological structure, measured seismic waves) • to determine the seismic design inputs (ex. maximum acceleration of the foundation ground) May contain JAPC’s proprietary information. Subject to JAPC’s prior written consent before using for any other purposes than originally intended or before disclosing to any third party.

Stage ofPlanning Topographic and Geological Survey- Geological Survey ［Example］ - May contain JAPC’s proprietary information. Subject to JAPC’s prior written consent before using for any other purposes than originally intended or before disclosing to any third party.

Stage ofPlanning Meteorological Survey Wind velocity, temperature, moisture, rain precipitation, salinity, etc. are investigated : • To be reflected in the building and equipment design conditions Wind direction and velocity distributions, vertical distribution of temperature, etc. are investigated : • To evaluate the effects of released gaseous radioactive wastes under normal and accidental conditions on the public • To evaluate the adequacy of the stack height May contain JAPC’s proprietary information. Subject to JAPC’s prior written consent before using for any other purposes than originally intended or before disclosing to any third party.

Stage ofPlanning Meteorological Survey ［Example］ May contain JAPC’s proprietary information. Subject to JAPC’s prior written consent before using for any other purposes than originally intended or before disclosing to any third party.

Stage ofPlanning Oceanographic Survey and Marine Life Survey Wave height, wave direction, tidal level, depth of water, drift sand, tidal current, and marine life are investigated : • to design of the intake and discharge facilities of the condenser cooling sea water • to assess the impacts of the diffusion of thermal discharge on marine life May contain JAPC’s proprietary information. Subject to JAPC’s prior written consent before using for any other purposes than originally intended or before disclosing to any third party.

Stage ofPlanning OceanographicSurvey and Marine Life Survey [Example] May contain JAPC’s proprietary information. Subject to JAPC’s prior written consent before using for any other purposes than originally intended or before disclosing to any third party.

Deep layer discharge 1℃ up Surface layer discharge 2℃ up 3℃ up Reduction of Diffusion Area of Thermal Effluent May contain JAPC’s proprietary information. Subject to JAPC’s prior written consent before using for any other purposes than originally intended or before disclosing to any third party

An Image of Nuclear Power Station after EIA Review Native tree planting Minimize reclamation area An Image of Nuclear Power Station at Basic Plan Stage

Stage ofPlanning Environmental Impact Assessment • The utility surveys the natural and social environment of the selected site and makes environmental impact forecasts and assessments both during the period of construction and operation as required in EIAL and EUIL. - In accordance with EIAL and EUIL, an environmental impact report is submitted from the utility to METI and the local government. The report is also reviewed by local residents, and their comments are invited. METI examine the report considering the comments from the local governor and local residents. May contain JAPC’s proprietary information. Subject to JAPC’s prior written consent before using for any other purposes than originally intended or before disclosing to any third party.

Stage ofPlanning 1st Public Hearing During the environmental examination, METI holds the 1st Public hearing to gain a deeper understanding of local communities concerning : - Necessity and outline of the construction plan - Environmental impacts of the NPP installation - Basic policy of safety measures & environmental protection May contain JAPC’s proprietary information. Subject to JAPC’s prior written consent before using for any other purposes than originally intended or before disclosing to any third party.

Stage ofPlanning Direct Dialogues with Residents (Home visits) Visiting all 26,000 households in Tsuruga May contain JAPC’s proprietary information. Subject to JAPC’s prior written consent before using for any other purposes than originally intended or before disclosing to any third party.

Stage ofPlanning Meetings with the Residents At echizen At takahama 5000 participants May contain JAPC’s proprietary information. Subject to JAPC’s prior written consent before using for any other purposes than originally intended or before disclosing to any third party.

Stage ofPlanning Newspaper Advertisements TV Commercials

Preparation for Construction Procedure of Reactor Installation License from NSC Viewpoint (Source:NSC Annual Report) May contain JAPC’s proprietary information. Subject to JAPC’s prior written consent before using for any other purposes than originally intended or before disclosing to any third party.

Preparation for Construction Approval Criteria for Reactor Installation License Approval Criteria 1st Examination 2nd Examination(Double check) 1. The Reactors will not be used for non-peaceful purpose. 2. The permission will cause no hindrance to the planned development and utilization of atomic energy. Atomic Energy Commission METI 3. The applicant has technological abilityand financial position sound enough to establish reactor, and has such technical ability to operate them competently. 4. The location, structure and equipment of reactor facilities are such that they will cause no hindrance to the prevention from the hazard by reactor fuel material and by reactors. NuclearSafetyCommission May contain JAPC’s proprietary information. Subject to JAPC’s prior written consent before using for any other purposes than originally intended or before disclosing to any third party.

Preparation for Construction Application Document for Reactor Installation License (1) A. location of reactor facilities B. structure of reactor facilities a. seismic structure b. other main structure C. structure and equipment of reactor a. reactor core b. fuel c. coolant & reflector d.reactor vessel e. radiation shield f. others D. fuel handling & storage facilities E. reactor cooling system a. primary cooling system b. secondary cooling system c. emergency cooling system d. others F. instrumentation and control system F. radioactive waste treatment facilities G. radiation control system H. other facilities Application Text (1) name & address of applicant (2) purpose (3) type, thermal output and number (4) name & address of facility (5) Location, structure and equipment (6) Construction Plan (7) Fuel material and estimated annual consumption （８）Method of disposing of spent fuel May contain JAPC’s proprietary information. Subject to JAPC’s prior written consent before using for any other purposes than originally intended or before disclosing to any third party.

Preparation for Construction Application Document for Reactor Installation License (1) Appendix documents (1) site outline (2) meteorological condition (3) geological condition (4) sea & water condition (5) earthquake (6) social environment (1) safety design philosophy (2) facility layout (3) reactor & core (4) reactor cooling system (5) reactor containment system (6) turbine system (7) instrumentation & control system (8) electricity facility (9) fuel handling & storage system (10) radioactive waste treatment system (11) radiation control system (12) plant support facilities (13) emergency control center (14) operation & maintenance (15) quality assurance chapter 1 : purpose of reactor establishment chapter 2 : reactor thermal output calculation chapter 3 : economic plan for construction chapter 4 : nuclear fuel acquisition plan chapter 5 : technical ability of applicant to establish and operate reactor chapter 6 : siting condition chapter 7 : topographical map around reactor chapter 8 : safety design of reactor facilities chapter 9 : radiation protection and waste treatment chapter 10 : safety analysis (1) radiation protection policy (2) radiation control (3) peripheral radiation monitored area & environmental radiation monitoring (4) radioactive waste treatment (5) dose evaluation of public around site (1) safety assessment policy (2) anticipated transient analysis (3) accident analysis (4) major accident & hypothetical accident analysis May contain JAPC’s proprietary information. Subject to JAPC’s prior written consent before using for any other purposes than originally intended or before disclosing to any third party.

Law and Regulation Law and Regulationfor Construction of Nuclear Power Plants Main Guidelines for Safety Examination for LWRs Site Evaluation Guidelines ECCS Performance Evaluation Guidelines Safety Evaluation Guidelines Meteorological Guidelines for Safety Analysis Reactivity Initiated Event Evaluation Guidelines PWR Core Thermal Design Evaluation Guidelines Dose-objectives Guidelines Dose Target Evaluation Guidelines Radioactive Material Emission Measurement Guidelines Safety Design Guidelines Fire Protection Guidelines Seismic Design Guidelines Radiation Measurement Guidelines Priority Classification Guidelines May contain JAPC’s proprietary information. Subject to JAPC’s prior written consent before using for any other purposes than originally intended or before disclosing to any third party.

Preparation for Construction Major Whole body exposure doses; 0.25Sv or less accidents Infants thyroid exposure doses; 1.5Sv or less Hypothetical Whole body exposure doses; 0.25Sv or less Accidents Adults thyroid exposure doses; 3Sv or less Collective doses; 20,000man-Sv or less Safety Examination［Site Evaluation Guidelines］ <Site Evaluation Guidelines> Purpose To confirm Adequacy of isolation between Reactor and Public in Accident Criteria Major Accident accidents which may occur in the worst case from technical point of view Hypothetical Accident accidents exceeding major accidents which may not occur from technical point of view Residential Area The area where radiation hazard may occur if people stayed in the area continuously in case of a major accident. Power Station Non-residential Area High Population Area Low Population Zone (Power Station Site) The area where appropriate measures can be taken to project the public from radiation in case of a hypothetical accident. The non-residential area and low population zone are included in the site of the power station. (There are no residents in these areas in Japan.) May contain JAPC’s proprietary information. Subject to JAPC’s prior written consent before using for any other purposes than originally intended or before disclosing to any third party.

Preparation for Construction Safety Design Guidelines (1)Safety Design Examination Guideline for Power-generating LWR Facilities No.Requirement 1 Compliance to Codes & Standards 2 Consideration of Natural Phenomena(Earthquake, Flooding, Tsunami, Wind,Snow, etc.) 3 Consideration of External Events (Physical Protection, Airplane, etc. ) 4 Internally Generated Missile(Pipe Break, Rotating Equipment, Explosion, Fall, etc.) 5 Fire Protection (Prevention, Detection, Extinguish, Mitigation of damage) 6 Environmental Conditions for Equipment 7 Sharing Facilities (Maintain safety when facilities are shared by two or more reactors) 8 Man-machine Interface (Proper measures to prevent operators’ errors) 9 Reliability of Safety Facilities(Redundancy or diversity and Independency, Emergency Power Supply) 10 Testability May contain JAPC’s proprietary information. Subject to JAPC’s prior written consent before using for any other purposes than originally intended or before disclosing to any third party.

Preparation for Construction Safety Design Guidelines (2)Safety Design Examination Guideline for Power-generating LWR Facilities No.Requirement 11-18 Reactor & Reactor Shutdown System (Fuel Integrity, One Rod Stack Margin, Diversity of Shutdown System, etc.) 19-27 Reactor Coolant System(Integrity of RCPB, RCPB Leak Detection, Reactor Make-up, Residual Heat Removal, Emergency Core Cooling, Heat sink, Station Black Out, etc.) 28-33 Reactor Containment System (Integrity of Containment Boundary, Isolation Valves, Containment Heat Removal, In-containment Atmosphere Control, etc.) 34-40 Safety Protection System(Redundancy and Independency, Fail-safe, Separation from Normal Control System, etc.) 41-46 Control room & Technical Support Center(Plant Monitoring & Control Function, Remote Shutdown from other place, Comfortableness of control room, Technical Support Center, Communication Equipment, etc.) (RCPB : Reactor Coolant Pressure Boundary) May contain JAPC’s proprietary information. Subject to JAPC’s prior written consent before using for any other purposes than originally intended or before disclosing to any third party.

Project Management for Construction of N P P

Project Management for Construction of N P P

Presentation Transcript

P-N Junctions

By: N. P. and S. P.

p-n Junctions

V P N

P-N JUNCTION

M P N

N-P

Kinematics of p + n  w p p 0 g p reaction

( N. B. P.)

P-P-N-P

p n

P-N Junctions