SCLY3 Beliefs Revision Cards 2014

1. SCLY3 Beliefs Revision Cards 2014

2. Awwwwww…….so cute…love it hun !!!

3. The specification at a glance

4. Contents • Role of Religion • Religion and Social Change • Religious organisations (incl. NRMs etc) • Gender and religion • Ethnicity and religion • Age and religion • Social Class and religion • Postmodernism/globalisation • Ideology and Science • Secularisation

5. 1. Role of Religion

6. Religion as a source of harmony/stability Religion can cause social change/conflict

7. Social Control Legitimation Ideology Compensation • Religion as a source of compensation • Bliss in the after life • Supernatural intervention • Explains/justifies inequality • Virtue of suffering

8. MARXIST VIEW Examples of religion supporting capitalism Correspondence principle Creates obedient, docile workers

11. 2. Religion & Social Change

12. 2. Religion & Social Change • Examples • New Christian Right • Al Qaeda • Hamas • Islam and the West • Modernising too rapidly and ignoring needs of the poor = resentment against West • Led to rise of fundamentalism • (Armstrong)

13. 2. Religion & Social Change

14. 2. Religion & Social Change Reactionary = conservative change

15. 2. Religion & Social Change (bring together) WEBER Functionalism Religion promote social change Feminism yes no Marxism NEO-MARXISTS Other considerations McGuire Factors affecting whether religion can cause social change • Fundamentalism • Different NRMS • Cultural defence • Religion causing conflict • Clash of civilisations

16. 3. Religious organisations Typologies – at a glance

17. 3. Religious Organisation • Evaluation of ‘church’ typology • Bruce – pre-modern societies • Religious pluralism in Christianity (no single church) • Today – not majority membership • Today – not always support state (growing tension between church/state) • Today – not always conservative • Today – pluralism – no claim on monopoly of truth - ecumenicalism • Evaluation of ‘sect’ typology • World Affirming Sects – low demand • Self-religions – pro society • Many are like bureaucracies/structure • Some are quite large (almost like denominations) • Middle class attracted to some sects Churches appear to be declining…sects increasing

18. 3. Religious Organisation Since 1960s – term cults replaced with ‘New Religious Movements’

19. New religious movements since 1970s = new categories needed. Wallis defines them in terms of (a) relationship to the outside world (b) whether they reject/affirm/accommodate the world • Evaluation points (from Beckford): • Difficult to apply categories • Ignores diversity of views ‘within’ a sect/cult

20. 3. Religious Organisation

21. 3. Reasons for growth of NRMs (at a glance)

22. 3. Reasons for growth of NRMs

23. 3. Reasons for growth of NRMs – GLOCK & STARK (deprivation)

24. 3. Growth of NRMs (bring together) NRMS NAMS Define/describe Cults/Sects Why have NRMS grown in recent years? Disillusioned with traditional religion Social Change Wilson • Anomie • Uncertainty – crisis of meaning • Traditional morality desired Authentic, joyful, caring Relative deprivation Marginality • Lack community • Status frustration • Feel ‘something missing’ • Spiritually deprived • Weber • Theodicy of dispriv. Other Forms of deprivation • Glock & Stark • Organismic • Psychic • Ethical • World Rejecting Sects • Millenarian Movts

25. 3. ARE SECTS ‘SHORT-LIVED’ ?

26. 3. Sects short lived – Other considerations

27. New Age Movements

28. 2. Sects – short lived? (bring together) Socialise kids • Voluntary adult commitment • Charismatic leader • Ideology = seeds of destruction Life cycle bureaucratic • Wilson • Salvation • Conversionist & Adventist Improve lives = less marginal Neibuhr Denomination or death Are sects always short-lived? yes no Aldridge Denominalisation = cool down • Socialisation • Young recruits Other considerations Changing status of sect members • Wallis – different sects have different fates • Wilson – WRS – exclusive –can’t convert • New sects emerging • Sects react to changes in society • Radical demands – members leave • Young – fragile membership • High control (brainwash) – keep members • Cultic milieu – always a counter culture Post-modernism & choice • Protection • Prevent denominalisation • Expel members • Change appeal • New services • Adapt message • New clients • Sectarian Cycle • Stark & Bainbridge • Schism Mass suicide killed off

29. 4. Gender & Religiosity

30. Puttick (1997) - ‘women have always been the greatest consumers of religion’

32. 4. Women & Religiosity(bring together) Role expectation • Think about • Social class differences • Age differences • Ethnic differences 1. Socialisation Images of God Privatisation – domestic sphere Women & Religiosity 2. Life Expectancy 4. Appeal of NAMs Close to ‘death’ events • Healing role • Caring • Nature • Spirituality 3.Social deprivation Church – important role • Child-bearing • Fertility • Environment • Neo-ecology Self improvement Source of identity Marginality 4.Status Frustration Compensation Theodicy of disprivilege • Unfulfilled • Self-improvement • Self-critical Psychological underprivilege Poverty Ethical deprivation

33. 4. EThnicity & Religiosity

34. 4. EThnicity & Religiosity Remember to note the differences between Afro-Caribbean and Pakistani/Bangladeshi religiosity

35. Steve Bruce - Cultural defence and Cultural Transition

36. 4. Age & Religiosity • Under 15s high • Parental pressure

37. 4. Age & Religiosity

38. 4. Social Class & Religiosity

39. 5. Religion, Renewal and Choice(postmodernism and other stuff)

40. 5. Religion, Renewal and Choice(postmodernism and other stuff)

46. 5. Globalisation & Religion • Key issues: • Religion and development • Fundamentalism • Cultural defence • Clash of civilisations

47. 5. Globalisation & Religion

48. 5. Globalisation & Religion

49. 5. Globalisation & Religion

50. 5. Globalisation & Religion