A GENERAL REVIEW OF THE PIG CHAINS IN VIETNAM AND CHALLENGES IN TERM OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

1. A GENERAL REVIEW OF THE PIG CHAINS IN VIETNAM AND CHALLENGES IN TERM OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Vũ Đình Tôn Hanoi University of Agriculture

2. Contents of presentation Part 1: Introduction on the pig commodity chains in Vietnam 1. The situation of pig production development in Vietnam 2. Pig commodity chains in Vietnam 3. Pork consumption and pork market in Vietnam 4. The situation of epidemic diseases and preventive strategies of diseases prevention on pig production in the country Part 2: The difficulties and challenges in term of sustainable development

3. Part 1: Introduction on the pig commodity chains in Vietnam

4. 1. The pig production in Vietnam in the period from 2000 to 2009 Figure 1. The scale, pig quantity by ecological regions (2000-2009)

5. Pig production systems in Vietnam

6. Small pig production sys.: + local breeds, cross-bred + few investment (pigsty, agricultural by-products) + very limited epidemic prevention • Small commercial system with fish-pond + cross-bred, imported pigs + moderate investment + interested in epidemic prevention at minimal level

7. Industrial production, integration system + imported breeds, industrial feed + good pigsty (close, open) + good epidemic prevention, veterinary • Cooperatives of pig production system + cross-bred, imported pigs + share their experiences, feed or sale of pigs + not yet develop new experiments

8. Systems of supply of pig breeders and animal feed - Systems of supply of pig breeders (4.17 millions, 15.1% of total pig population)

9. Systems of supply of animal feed Figure 3. Output of animal feed supply on the market Figure 2. The rate of animal feed factories in Vietnam

10. 2. Pig commodity chains in Vietnam • Piglet commodity chain • Fat pig commodity chain

11. Collectors, middleman Sows producers Fat pig producers Pre-fat pig producers Collectors Piglet processing enterprises Export market Piglet commodity chain

12. Collectors Pork processing units Export market Fat pig commodity chain Pig producers Middleman Big abattoirs Retailer in city Consumers Pork merchants Small abattoirs Retailer in rural

13. Figure: Value-added is created from these chains • Pork commodity chain in domestic market (VND/100 kg living pork) Fat pig producers Collectors Abattoirs Domestic consumers VA1 (223.400đ) VA2 (65.500đ) VA3 (81.700đ) Total VA = VA1 + VA2 + VA3 = 370.600 VND

14. Piglet producers Collectors Processing enterprise International market • Piglet commodity chain for exportation (VND/100 kg of living piglet) VA1’ (305.500đ) VA2’ (89.600đ) VA3’ (116.000đ) Total VA = VA1’ + VA2’ + VA3’ = 511.100 VND

15. 3. Level of pork consumption and factors concerning the choice of pork consumption

16. Level of fresh pork consumption and processing products (2005)

17. The interested norms on pork consumers

19. The impact factors of value chain in pig production

20. Price of living pork and quantity of selling pork (tons/abattoir/month) (7/2009-6/2010*) Remark: * Only 15 days in June, 2010

21. The programs, policies for promoting to pig production development Pig production development

22. Quantity of import/export and domestic production of pork

23. 4. Epidemic diseases and preventive strategies of diseases • Ordinances of animal production, veterinary + Ordinance of domestic animal breeders (2004) + Ordinance of veterinary (2004)… • List of epidemic diseases have to proclaim (Table A, Table B) + Table A: Foot and mouth disease, swine cholera + Table B: Swine carbon heat, pasteurellosis

24. List of diseases has to prevent by vaccine (2005): + Foot and mouth disease + Swine cholera + Swine pasteurellosis + Swine carbon heat • Surveillance systems of epidemic diseases and the process of epidemic disease announcement

25. Central Government Dept. Ani. Health Center of Vet. special Bureau of functions Permanent in HCM C Station quarantine of import/export Center of vet. regional Local Government Under Dept. of Ani. Health Station of quarantine animal Station of Veterinary Infirmary for animals Board of vet. comunal Remarks: decisions, guides from higher autorities exchange of info., co-cordinate Vet. Of village Surveillance systems of epidemic diseases

26. Dept. of AH Announcement of epidemic disease People Committee Province Announcement of epidemic People Committee District Under Dept of Agri. & RD Station of Vet. du District Board Vet. in commune Veterinary in villages Remarks: Reports, information from local to higher autorities. exchange information Process of epidemic disease proclaim

27. Principal swine epidemic diseases • Some ordinary diseases + Swine cholera: 1949-1950: happened in Viet-Bac after spreading many provinces in Northern 1960-1961: happened in Hoa Binh, Yên Bái,… 1968-1969: happened in 20 provinces in Southern 2007: happened in some provinces in Southern 2009: happened in Ha Tinh + Swine pasteurellosis normally happened from May to October 9/2009 happened in Kon Tum Province

28. + Swine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrom (PRRS – Blue ear) 1997: infected on imported pig breed from USA 2007: 1st wave (3/2007): Hải Dương, Hưng Yên, Quảng Ninh, Thái Bình, Bắc Ninh, Bắc Giang, Hải Phòng (with 35,000 infected pigs) 2nd wave (6/2007): Quảng Nam, Thừa Thiên Huế, Đà Nẵng, Quảng Ngãi (with 35,000 infected pigs) 2008: happened in 25 provinces with 7,030 infected pigs 2010: (3/2010): Hải Dương, Thái Bình, Thái Nguyên,… (with 70,000 infected pigs) + Swine foot and mouth disease with some waves of epidemic diseases: in 1993, 1995, 1999, 2003, 2005 (in 37 provinces), 2006 (in 27 provinces), 2007 (in 37 provinces), 2009 (in 21 provinces)

29. Some diseases infected between pig and human + Swine leptospirosis + Brucellosis suis + Swine erysipelas + Cysticercus cellulosae + Trichinella Spiralis + Streptococus – suis + Swine influenza A H1N1

30. Transmission diseases between pigs and human + Swine leptospirosis (Bệnh xoắn khuẩn) 1960: occur in Northern mountainous provinces 2006: occur in Tuyen Quang (52 pigs were destroyed) 2009: occur in Hoa Binh (46 pigs were destroyed) + Brucellosis suis(Bệnh xảy thai truyền nhiễm) 1959: Serological diagnosis is found in four northern provinces (10% in pigs)At present, this disease is commonly found in imported pigs.+ Swine erysipelas (Bệnh đóng dấu lợn): Occurred in all three regions and mainly after the lunar new year1955: occurred in 428 districts (10 147 pigs died)1959: occurred on 25 provinces (20 294 pigs died)1961: occurs in 19 provinces (26 017 pigs died)1970: occurs in 10 provinces (9016 pigs died)At present, the disease tends to return.

31. + Cysticercus cellulosae (Bệnh gạo lợn) occurs mainly in northern mountainous provinces1970: Lang Son (4% of infected pigs), Vinh Phuc (1.49% infected pigs) + Trichinella Spiralis (Bệnh giun bao)1970: Nghia Lo Province (5.7% of infected pig)2001: Dien Bien (infected people)2004: Dien Bien (infected people)2008: Son La (infected people) and about 31% of infected pigs + Streptococus – suis (Bệnh liên cầu khuẩn)2007 to date has 50 infected people, many infected pigs + Swine influenza A H1N1 (Bệnh cúm lợn)Not found in Vietnam

32. The policies and strategies of epidemic prevention • Policies relate to disease prevention and treatment The regulations relate to list of public epidemic diseases, vaccine injection, tranportation and importation quarantine,… • Disease prevention and treatment strategies + Project on strengthening veterinary management systems of the state period 2007-2010 • Specific methods ofDisease and epidemic prevention + Good Animal Husbandry Practising (VietGAHP) + Regulations of disease prevention(blue ear, foot and mouth disease,….)

33. PART 2: DIFFICULTIES AND CHALLENGES TO SWINE PRODUCTION IN PERSPECTIVE OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN VIETNAM

34. 1. Limited breeder management and supply systems + Breed management is limitation + There is a lack of a information system of breed providing + Less attention to breed providing resources for husbandry areas. HOW CAN FARMERS HAVE GOOD BREED? 2. Information systems and feed quality control underdeveloped + Information only comes from units of food processing + Competition capacity of Vietnam’s enterprises is limited + Monitoring system of feed quality is not good HOW CAN FARMERS HAVE GOOD FEED AND REASONABLE PRICE?

35. 3. Restriction in management information system for food safety and hygiene: • Management system is complicated and less efficiency • Slaughter-house system is too small and a lack of relationship with rearers • Monitoring capacity is limited (number of vet staffs, laboratory system) • Information resources of food for consumer is limitation HOW CAN CONSUMER USE GOOD AND CONFIDENT PRODUCTS? 4. Dispersion and small-scale in animal production • Animal products are less and unequal • It is difficult to apply technical progress in production (breed, feed, disease prevention and hygiene,..) • Environment polution HOW CAN FARMER INCREASE PRODUCTIVITY AND EFFICIENCY OF HUSBANDRY OPERATION?

36. 5. Technical level of farmers is low, access to services and technical are restriction - Farmers were not trained • Extention system is thin, limitation operation condition • Husbandry and veterinary services are not good (feed, medicine, TTNT,..) HOW CAN FARMER HAVE GOOD LEVEL AND EASILY ACCESS TO TECHNICAL SERVICES? 6. Operation of veterinary systems is less efficiency • Less educated • Less knowledge updated • The number of veterinary staffs are few, remunerationis low • Lack of good supporting sanction for veterinary operation HOW CAN WE IMPROVE THE VETERINARY SYSTEM?

37. 7. Epidemics occur regularly and complex Frequency of epidemic appearance is more and more high with more scale 8. Prices of livestock product is fluctuation strongly The price of feed and pork are strongly fluctuation and competitive with imported products 9. The restrictions of pork products market Less attention to the domestic market, international market is shrank 10. Environmental pollution in animal production There is a lack of effective and appropriated solutions with husbandry conditions.

39. Thanks for your attention!