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Geology

Geology. Mrs. Brunner Science 6 th Grade. I Structure of the Earth A. Crust - Lithosphere 1. Continental a. thickest – 35 km to 70 km b. forms… c. made of granite 2. Oceanic a. thinnest – 8 km to 40 km b. under oceans c. made of basalt B. Mantle - Asthenosphere

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Geology

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  1. Geology Mrs. Brunner Science 6th Grade

  2. I Structure of the Earth • A. Crust - Lithosphere • 1. Continental • a. thickest – 35 km to 70 km • b. forms… • c. made of granite • 2. Oceanic • a. thinnest – 8 km to 40 km • b. under oceans • c. made of basalt • B. Mantle - Asthenosphere • 1. 3,000 km thick, solid • 2. upper section – more solid

  3. 3. lower section – less solid • a. plasticity – quality of a solid that allows it to move • b. the deeper you go – less solid, hotter (4,000 degrees), more pressure • 4. Convection current – moving current of rock, draw • C. Core • 1. Outer Core • a. made of Ni and Fe • b. liquid • c. convection currents • d. acts like a big magnet • 2. Inner Core • a. Ni and Fe • b. solid – why? • D. How do we know? 1. meteorite 2. core drillings 3. Earthquake waves

  4. II. Plate Tectonics • A. Theory • 1. Earth’s crust and upper mantle are broken up into huge slabs of semisolid rock that are joined together and ‘float’ • 2. theory? Law? • B. Continental Drift Theory • 1. Alfred Wegner, 19 12, proposed that all continents were joined into super continent – Pangaea • 2. Pangaea broke apart over • 3. fossil and climate evidence • 4. not accepted until 1960s – why? • 5. plates still move today – how fast? http://www.calstatela.edu/faculty/acolvil/plates.html

  5. C. Plates • a. about 20 – 7 large, 13 small • b. Pacific plate is largest • c. plates boundaries touch and move, big problems • d. cracks in plates – faults

  6. D. Types of Plate Movement • a. plates move because of convection currents • b. Convergent (colliding) boundaries – push against each other, ex. Himalaya mountains • c. Divergent (spreading) boundaries – pulled apart, ex. Great rift Valley in Africa • d. Transform-fault boundaries – 2 plates move past each other, San Andreas fault

  7. Name that boundary!

  8. III. Mountains • A. any feature that is higher than the surrounding area, crust and upper mantle • B. 3 major mountain systems • 1. west coast on North/South America • 2. across Europe and Asia • 3. peaks of land in Pacific Ocean, Asia, Australia • C. Fold Mountains • 1. forces squeezed together, from opposite sides • 2. valleys and parallel ridges, crust ‘wrinkles’ • 3. example: • 4. draw -

  9. D. Block Mountains • 1. have fault on at least 1 side • 2. steep on 1 side, sloping on the other • 3. 1 block of rock slides up or down in relation to other block • 4. example: • 5. draw -

  10. E. Dome Mountains • 1. large portions of crust are pushed up by magma • 2. example: • 3. draw - • F. Volcano • 1. cone shaped mountain that form when melted rock flows out and hardens • 2. example:

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