Native American Politics

1. Native American Politics Chapter 6.4 U.S. History

2. Explain why/how Native Americans power diminished in the 1780’s.

3. answer • Native American lands were constantly being invaded • Consequences of the Revolutionary War including: • Loss of power of the very powerful Iroquois and Cherokee nations (North and South) • No unified strategies when dealing with movement of settlers into tribal lands

4. What turned this around in the 1790’s?

5. answer • Miami, Delaware, Shawnee form alliances to resistance American expansion • British help defeat and destroy U.S. army post (near Ft. Wayne, Indiana) • Defeat governor Arthur St. Clair • expedition leader in Northwest Territory • Biggest defeat of U.S. army Arthur St. Clair

6. Why did the alliance with the British “collapse?”

7. answer • British deserted Native Americans Consequences • U.S. army more organized under General Wayne and Legion of the United States • Native Americans defeated in Ohio • Forced to sign treaty giving up major portion of Ohio General “Mad Anthony” Wayne

8. What roles did Little Turtle and Handsome Lake play in Native American resistance?

9. answer • Native Americans realize situations need to change-try different ways to deal with U.S. • Little Turtle: (accommodations) • Excellent military leader/won several battles • Fought with British against Americans in 1790, but • Decided to make peace with whites/made best of situation • Handsome Lake: (blended cultures) • Fought with British in Revolutionary War • Placed in a reservation, humiliated, drank, depressed • 1799 had vision for people • Seneca should blend traditional beliefs with American/European customs (esp. agriculture and family life)

10. Little Turtle and Handsome Lake

11. Who was Tenskwatawa? Why was he against assimilation?

12. answer • Shawnee Prophet • “Total rejection of society based on European values” • Return to old ways and traditions • Believed assimilation and mixing of cultures was against original Native American beliefs • Master of Life did not create European Americans • Some problems due to Native Americans’ not following true path/traditional customs • Eventually developed more militant view of Americans

13. Who was Tecumseh? How was he involved in the pan-Indian movement?

14. answer • Shawnee war chief • brother of Tenskwatawa • Pan-Indian movement: “one that would transcend local and group differences among Native Americans”. • Believed in spiritual renewal of tribes • Against Treaty of Fort Wayne • Gave up Native American land in Indiana Territory • Fought against then Governor Harrison (physically and politically)

15. Tenskwatawa and Tecumseh(Brothers)

16. What was the Treaty of Fort Wayne? How was William Henry Harrison involved (future President)?

17. answer • Negotiated in 1809 • Native American land was considered property of all • All members of tribe had to agree on sale of land • Government “bribed” some to sign away rights • Most Native Americans protested to Governor William Henry Harrison

18. What happened at the Battle of Tippecanoe?

19. answer November 7, 1811 Harrison had sent 1,000 soldiers to stop impending attacks by Native Americans Tenskwatawa sent warriors to attack Harrison near Prophetstown Battle lasted about 2 hours Tactical draw More of negative “politically” for Native Americans Confidence in leadership of Tenskwatawa declines Harrison burns Prophetstown

20. What did Native Americans accomplish?

21. answer “Although Techumseh and his brother did not accomplish their objectives, they left a vital legacy of defiance of invasion and respect for themselves, their people, and their culture.” (Textbook) This would be a model for future generations of Native Americans, especially when it came to resurrecting customs/traditions.