Introduction to Development for the Design of Oil Tankers/Bulk Carriers with Notation CSR in China

1. Introduction to Development for the Design of Oil Tankers/Bulk Carriers with Notation CSR in China CSNAME-CANDI 10 November 2008 Beijing, China

2. Contents

3. 1. Introduction • Review of the situation for the design of ships in compliance with IACS • The change intention of IACS CSR

4. Review of the situation for the design of ships in compliance with IACS • Convention and Rules Changes induced by the casualties in the two decades • Current ship design approach changes have been encouraging by considering risk control since 1990’s. The mandatory requirements from IMO and authorities and technical standards from Classification Societies are changing more and more severe due to the influence of loss of life, pollution for environment and loss of huge property at sea. • Three casualties by oil tankers, e.g. EXXON VALDEZ, ERICA and PRESTIGE promoted the changes of MARPOL in which oil tankers with single skin construction will be dropped out the marketing of shipping by 2010. IACS issued 15 URs for bulk carriers including new construction and existing fleet. • Common technical standards for both oil tankers and bulk carriers are entry into force by SOLAS in a few years ago, such as PSCS and PMA etc. CO2 emission limitation index (EEDI/EEOI) have been developing since 2003 • IACS CSRhas been Implementing since1st April 2006

5. Review of the situation for the design of ships in compliance with IACS (cont’d) • IMO and ship Owners’ requirements • Goal-based Standard (GBS)concept has been discussing since 2002 • The requirements from mandatory, classification, loading/unloading. shipbuilding industry’s standards, shipping will be bond together in order to solve the incompliance problems induced by the complicated technical policies from multi – sides for many years. • GBS concept will cause the ship design as follows: • Safety level approach with risk; • Ship design life with 25 year; • the North Atlantic environment condition; • Priority of environment prevention.

6. Review of the situation for the design of ships in compliance with IACS (cont’d) • The development aim of ships classed with IACS CSR is to reach good results of gaining a set of ship type including double hull tankers and bulk carriers through the development, and the ship type is to hold intellectual property designed in China and hold the capacity of building at the current ship type. • The CSNAME, CANDI,CSSC,CSIC,COSCO and CCS joined the development of ship types, over two hundred people directly joined the action.

7. 2. The features of CSR ship type • Advantage concept for the ship classed with CSR： The following requirements should be satisfied: • Structure integrity • Operational flexibility; • Ease of maintenance; • Escaping easily and health of crew bygreen passport • Environmental friendliness • Therefore, according to the above principles, the design attention was paid again on ship motion features including optimum for ship resistance under water, seakeeping, stability and subdivision stability, machinery, electrical apparatus and fitting etc. exception for CSR. • Development for the Guidelines for the development of ships classed with CSR

8. Guidelines for the development of ships classed with CSR • Study for CSR including Rules, explanation of CSR, supplements for CSR and concerned • Study for the concerned convention (SOLAS and MARPOL, Green Ship design) • Study for IACS URs in question, such as URS11.2.3 • Development of Software in compliance with CSR • Study for the requirements of Owner Organization and individual owner, such as Shell、EXXON Mobiletc. • The CSR analysis for existing ships • Anti - fatigue design – detail design is asked to apply for the benchmark ships design

9. CO2 Emission Limitation （Bulkers and tankers）

10. Improvement for ship speed and seakeeping For example of CSR bulker，it is very important for designers to further study ship resistance, seakeeping and propeller effectiveness.

11. Detail Design - Nodal points • CCS issued the guidelines for Fatigue Assessment for Hull Structure（2007）in which a lot of the recommended structure nodal pointsare available and it is very good application within the process of development of ships classed with CSR, the document covers the following aspects: • Reference approach for reducing stress concentration at the nodal point • Improvement of structure continuous • Proof of enough shear area at the key connection • Suitable cut for welding process • Avoiding the nodal points that will fall into lower fatigue life • Avoiding the nodal points in which there are both lower fatigue life and post- buckling during service life

12. Extended CSR requirements • CSR Tanker Sloshing • 4.2.1.1 The sloshing pressures given in 4.2.2 to 4.2.4 are pressures induced by free movement of the tank liquids as a result of ship motions. • 4.2.1.2 The given pressures do not include the effect of impact pressures due to high velocity impacts with tank boundaries or internal structures. For tanks with effective sloshing breadth, bslh, greater than 0.56B or effective sloshing length, lslh, greater than 0.13L, an additional impact assessment is to be carried out in accordance with the individual Classification Society procedures. • Therefore it is necessary to carry out the study on both sloshing theory and testing in lab.and software development.

13. Sloshing study for theory and testing in Lab. • Key point is on the enlarging course dynamically of sloshing motion • characteristic: loads induced by liquid sloshing motion including dynamic load and quiet load, but the dynamic load is governing load that reaches assaults function.

14. Supplement for CSR Tanker——Guidelines for Sloshing Analysis • in order to let designers to use the outcomes in convenience , the draft guidelines for application of structural assessment for the ships with liquid carriage was developed. Which covers: • the sloshing phenomenon and pressures induced by sloshing loads in the tanks • Load cases • Movement level and Basic formulae • Numerical calculation of sloshing loads • Structural analysis by using Numerical calculation of sloshing loads • Criteria

15. CSR ship types

16. 各种船型技术特色(续） 表

17. CSR ship types 共计37型

18. Technical index

19. 3. Proposals for the CSR development in the future • Through comparison among IACS guidelines, CSR and IIW guidelines, we would like to offer the following comments: • ( 1) Different methods between tankers and bulkers in IACS CSR should be unified and come up to the recommendatory file of IIW, such as the model definition of the hot stress, the hot stress computing technology etc • ( 2) Loads and load historical of bulk carriers, such as distribution coefficient loading condition should further be discussed again. The time proportion of heavy ballast is too large • ( 3) Considering the influence on stress concentration of after welding by using some method, such as TIG etc • (4）correcting method for HTS while considering fatigue life

20. IIW - for example • The welding seams should be considered in fatigue life as recommendation by IIW.

21. Thank you for your attention！