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Explore the history of British imperialism in India, from the decline of the Mughal Empire to the establishment of the British East India Company. Learn about the Sepoy Rebellion, Indian National Congress, and the influential leadership of Mahatma Gandhi in the struggle for independence.
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Bell Ringer – February 15 & 16 • The United States declared the _____________________, which said that China should be open to all countries for trade. • What was the Boxer Rebellion? • Which country was responsible for opening Japan to trade?
A “Jewel in the Crown” Queen Victoria of EnglandEmpress of India
Why India? Europeans wanted Indian: Spices Tea Jewels Fabrics Mughal Empire was in decline
East India Company British company that ruled India Had its own army Better weapons Divide & Conquer strategy Made treaties with individual rulers
Man-made waterway connecting the Mediterranean Sea & Red Sea Time Saved: 2 weeks Miles Saved: 4,000 Britain took control of Egypt & the canal in 1882 Called the “lifeline of the empire” Egypt and the Suez Canal
Sepoy Rebellion - 1857 Sepoys were Indian Soldiers who rebelled against the British Army. Britain stopped the rebellion. India became a colony of the British government. End of the East India Company
Indian National Congress First nationalist organization Formed as a result of discontent for British rule & customs and wanted independence 1947: India gains independence from Britain
Became leader of the Indian National Congress in 1920 Led the independence movement using methods of non-violent protest Inspired leaders of the American civil rights movement Mahatma Gandhi
MOHANDAS K. GANDHI 1869-1948 "What I did was a very ordinary thing. I declared that the British could not order me around in my own country."
Gandhi studied law in London but was not very successful in his chosen career, so he accepted a job with a trading company in South Africa. • Very quickly he became the victim of the humiliating ways Indians were treated. In South Africa, he was thrown off a train simply because of his color.
For 21 years, Gandhi devoted his energies to fighting the cause of Indians in South Africa. • He went home to India to live a quiet life, but by 1920, Gandhi had become the leading figure of the nationalist movement. • He devoted his life to non-violent non co-operation with the British government in India. • He had two aims in his work; to get the British out of India and to improve the condition of the Indian masses.
