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CONTRIBUTIONS OF MUSLIMS TO WORLD CIVILIZATION

CONTRIBUTIONS OF MUSLIMS TO WORLD CIVILIZATION. CHAPTER 10. Muslim Contributions . During much of the medieval period, Muslim civilization was in some ways more advanced than others

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CONTRIBUTIONS OF MUSLIMS TO WORLD CIVILIZATION

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  1. CONTRIBUTIONS OF MUSLIMS TO WORLD CIVILIZATION CHAPTER 10

  2. Muslim Contributions • During much of the medieval period, Muslim civilization was in some ways more advanced than others • Made major advancements in: astronomy, zoology, geography, arithmetic, navigation, art, architecture, and technology

  3. Muslim Contributions • Had Muslim Scholars not translated classic Greek texts, the European Renaissance would not have happened in the way that it did • In spite of this, Muslims have not always been recognized for their contributions to world civilizations

  4. ACTIVITY DIRECTIONS • With your partner(s), examine one of the 16 placard on the walls. • Turn to Reading Notes 10 (p 62) and decide which of the 16 topics the placard relates to. Pencil in the letter of the placard next to that topic. • Scan sections 10.3-10.11 to find the passage that matches the contribution. Check your answer with the sticky note (DO NOT CHEAT) and then read the passage if you are correct. • On the map, draw a symbol for the contribution in the appropriate location. If a contribution isn’t related to a specific location on the map, draw your symbol in an open space. • On the page opposite the map, write a summary of the contribution

  5. Reviewing Muslim Contributions • Each group has several placards • You are going to present your placard to the class by describing the Muslim Contribution • You will have a few minutes to prepare your sections and then you will present them to the class. • Talk to the class, do not read to the class. • Be prepared to note the significant contributions and the symbol you put on the map and where you put the symbol. • Make sure your presentation is professional and prepared.

  6. Flowering of Islamic Civilization – 10.2 (no card) • Arab conquests had created a vast Muslim empire – Spain, N. Africa and much of western and central Asia came under Muslim rule. • Islamic civilization flourished – great cities where scholars and artists made many advances • Baghdad – important city • Cairo – important city • Jews, Christians and Muslims worked and studied togther

  7. 10.3 City Building and Architecture • #2 Baghdad – Card I #11 Mosques – Card K • Baghdad: Abbasid capital – more central for the entire empire • Village between Tigris and Euphrates Rivers – cross road of trade routes connecting the empire • At center of the city is where the caliph’s palace and grand mosque is – city is round • Double wall with guards, guarded inner part of city • One of world’s largest cities

  8. 10.3 City Building and Architecture • #2 Baghdad – Card I #11 Mosques – Card K • Mosques: Muslim house of worship • Had a minaret (tower) with a small balcony where the call to prayer comes from. • Fountain for washing • Prayer room inside – worshipers sit on mats and carpets • Imam – prayer leader.

  9. 10.4 Scholarship and Learning • #14 Scholarship and Learning – Card J • “The ink of scholars is more precious than the blood of martyrs.” • 8th century, Arabic was the language of scholarship and science • Shared language and love of learning allowed ideas to exchange and build upon others work • Built schools and libraries in Muslim cities • People came from all over world to work together

  10. 10.4 Scholarship and Learning • #14 Scholarship and Learning – Card J • Hall of Wisdom – Cairo – could visit to read books and study • Cordoba, Spain library had 400,000 volumes of books • Muslim people studied Plato and Aristotle and used reasoning and logic

  11. 10.4 Scholarship and Learning • #14 Scholarship and Learning – Card J • Sometimes wondered how to make reason and logical proof agree with their religious faith. • Humans had 2 sources of knowledge: reason and revelation by God • IbnSina, become Islam’s most famous philosopher – believed all knowledge came from God and that truth could be known through revelation and reason

  12. 10.5 Science and Technology • #1 Astronomy – Card F #16 Zoology Card H#7 Irrigation and Underground Wells – Card M • Astronomy – compasses and astrolabes helped locate Makkah. Allowed worshipers far from Holy city pray facing right direction. • Also able to find out the exact times for prayer and month of Ramadan using astronomy • Also just wanted to learn about the universe. • Also thought Earth was center of universe with the sun and stars going around Earth – is this true?

  13. 10.5 Science and Technology • #1 Astronomy – Card F #16 Zoology Card H#7 Irrigation and Underground Wells – Card M • Zoology – scientific study of animals • Wrote books describing animal bone structure • How to make medicine for animals • Evolution of animals • Established zoos

  14. 10.6 Geography and Navigation • # 5 Geography and Navigation – Card P • Examined plants and animals in different regions • Divided world into climate zones • Calculated Earth’s circumference accurately • Created accurate maps • Travelers could get information for water resources to help in travel and trade • Wrote guidebooks for travelers • Used compasses – probably learned from Chinese Irrgation and Underground Wells Irrigation and Underground Wells

  15. 10.6 Geography and Navigation • # 5 Geography and Navigation – Card P • Examined plants and animals in different regions • Divided world into climate zones • Calculated Earth’s circumference accurately • Created accurate maps • Travelers couldget information for water resources to help in travel and trade • Wrote guidebooks for travelers • Used compasses – probably learned from Chinese Irrgation and Underground Wells Irrigation and Underground Wells

  16. 10.7 Mathematics • #9 Mathematics – Card O • Based work on India and classical Greece • Learned from Euclid • Khwarizmi – worked at House of Wisdom – father of algebra • Helped populate Arabic numbers in Europe • Populated the use of the number Zero • Zero makes it easier to write large numbers

  17. 10.8 Medicine • #10 Medicine – Card L • Some of most contributions in this field • Learned from Greeks, Mesopotamians, Egyptians • Established 1st hospitals – Baghdad had 5 • Doctors treated disease with diet, drugs and exercise • Did surgery – hospitals were advanced • al-Razi, realized bacteria spread infection – studied smallpox and measles

  18. 10.9 Bookmaking and Literature • #8 Bookmaking and Literature – Card N • Paper making helped literature grow • Bookmaking was an artform • Bookmaking was a big business • Arabs had rich story telling tradition – now they could share it in writing • Arabian Nights – famous Arabic book • Sufism or Islamic mysticism – helped enhance this through poetry

  19. 10.10 Art and Music • #3 Calligraphy – Card D #12 Music – Card G#6 Geometric/floral design – B #15 Textiles - E • Geometric and Floral Design- famous for decorative art • Illustrated Manuscripts • Applied talent to everyday items – plates, glassware, clothes, walls of mosques • Arabesque – natural world – leaves, flowers, etc. • Made metal boxes, ceramic bowls, tiles, carpets • Used geometric shapes in designs

  20. 10.10 Art and Music • #3 Calligraphy – Card D #12 Music – Card G#6 Geometric/floral design – B #15 Textiles - E • Calligraphy – highest form of decorative art • Qur’an – felt only calligraphy would do for writing • Used Calligraphy to decorate everyday items

  21. 10.10 Art and Music • #3 Calligraphy – Card D #12 Music – Card G#6 Geometric/floral design – B #15 Textiles - E • Textiles: cloths or textiles, rugs, etc. • Great effort in making these artistic • Sometimes had inscriptions or designs showing important events • Sometimes embroidered • Clothes showed rank and served as a status in Muslim world

  22. 10.10 Art and Music • #3 Calligraphy – Card D #12 Music – Card G#6 Geometric/floral design – B #15 Textiles - E • Music: Baghdad, Damascus – centers of Muslim Music world • Ziryab, talented musician and singer from Baghdad – established first music school • Singing was essential part of Muslim Spain’s musical culture • Created songs about love, nature and glory of the empire

  23. 10.11 Recreation • #13 Polo – Card C #4 Chess – Card A • Polo – learned about it from the Persians • Played on horses – Muslims saw horses as a status symbol • Chess: invented in India. Persians introduced it to Muslims • Caliphs invited chess champions including women and slaves to their palaces to play in matches - intellectual challenge

  24. Friday, November 11, 2011 • On a separate sheet of paper answer the following question WITH DETAIL – to be turned in when finished! • In your opinion, what was the most important Muslim achievement? Why? Give detail.

  25. Human Spectrum • With your partner(s) go through the list of contributions and rank them. You are going to do this 2 ways • 1. in order of importance (1 -16) 1 meaning the most important, 16 being the least important • 2. go through each contribution and rank it on a scale of 1-4; 1 being really important, 4 being least important • Example: Mathematics – Rank #8; and 1 on a scale of 1-4

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