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Greece and Rome

Greece and Rome. Ch 4. I. General Information. Greece and Rome greatly influenced the western world US Constitution Architecture Rome helped spread Christianity (indirectly) Rome was greatly influenced by Greek history. I. General Information. Rome Vs. Greece Rome Mighty Empire

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Greece and Rome

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  1. Greece and Rome Ch 4

  2. I. General Information • Greece and Rome greatly influenced the western world • US Constitution • Architecture • Rome helped spread Christianity (indirectly) • Rome was greatly influenced by Greek history

  3. I. General Information • Rome Vs. Greece • Rome • Mighty Empire • Mastery of Engineering • Greece • City-states • Scientific Thought (philosophy) • Similarities • Political Ideas (Democracy and Republic) • Religion • Artistic Styles • Economy (agricultural with heavy trade)

  4. II. Greece • Earliest society was on Crete (Myceneans) • The civilization involved in the Trojan War • Later invaded the Peloponnesus (Greece) • Led to the Greek Dark Ages (1150-800 BC) • Became known as the Greeks or the Hellenes

  5. II. Greece • Archaic Period (800-500BC) • The city-states soon developed • Warred against each other unless invaded • Xerxes and the Persians (492-490 & 480-479 BC) • Main cities were Athens and Sparta • Athens- democratic (508 BC) and philosophic • Sparta- oligarchy and militaristic • Pericles- peak of Athens democracy • Influenced the government through negotiations • All men were expected to participate

  6. II. Greece • Peloponnesian War (431-404 BC) • Sparta and its allies defeated Athens and its allies • Greatly weakened the city-states • Allowed Phillip II of Macedon to take over • Alexander the Great • Son of Phillip II • Expanded the Macedonian empire into Asia • Spread Greek culture • Founded Alexandria in Egypt

  7. II. Greece

  8. II. Greece • Culture • Socrates • Question everything to improve it • Plato • Student of Socrates • Human reasoning can help understand the world • Aristotle • Student of Plato • Stressed moderation • Sophocles • Dramatist • OedipusRex and Antigone • Homer • “Historian” • Iliad and Odyssey

  9. II. Greece • Contributions • Democracy • Socratic Method • Philosophy • Olympics • Pythagorean Theorem • Anatomy • Architecture

  10. III. Rome • Began as a Roman monarch around 800 BC • Etruscans • Monarchy overthrown by Roman Aristocrats 509 BC • Became the Roman Republic

  11. III. Rome • Romans were paranoid about invasion • Expanded their territory • Punic Wars (264- 146 BC) • Result of Roman expansion • 3 wars with Carthage • 1st Punic War was over Sicily • 2nd Punic War- Hannibal invades through the Alps • 3rd Punic War- Rome attack Carthage and ends the war

  12. III. Rome • End of the Republic • Executive branch was made up of 2 Counsels • Julius Caesar was invading Gaul and Pompey had a disagreement • Crosses the Rubicon 45 BC and overthrew Pompey to become dictator. "aleaiactaest" – the die is cast. • Julius Caesar assassinated by Senate on March 15 44 BC • After Civil War Octavian Caesar Augustus takes over as “emperor” (27 BC) • Led to PaxRomana (27 BC- 180 AD) • PaxRomana ends with death of Marcus Aurelius who expanded to Britain

  13. III. Rome • Christianity • Originated with Jesus Christ of Nazareth • Was able to spread throughout the “known” world due to Roman Roads • Apostle Paul traveled heavily on these roads • Heavily persecuted by emperors due to refusal to give 1st allegiance to empire • Nero, Diocletian and Marcus Aurelius • Constantine converted which ended the persecution(313 AD) • Moved capital to Constantinople and divided into 2 halfs

  14. III. Rome • Fall of Rome • Invaded by the Barbarians • Goths and Huns • Incompetent emperors • Eventually fell in 476 AD • Byzantine Empire lasted until 1453 with its capital in Constantinople • Side Note- Gladiator games offered free bread 3x a day as well as entertainment (heavy welfare dependence help lead to the fall?)

  15. III. Rome Visigoths

  16. III. Rome Heavy Metal German Goth

  17. III. Rome • Laws • Twelve Tables (450 BC) • Helped protect the rights of citizens • Regulated commerce • Religious tolerance • Allowed all religions as long as they gave allegiance to Rome 1st • Local Rule • Allowed conquered regions to rule themselves but submit to Roman law • Citizenship • Naturalized citizens

  18. III. Rome • Contributions • Arches • Republic • Senate • Christianity • Cement

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