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Classic Greece and Rome

Classic Greece and Rome. Chapter 4 Section 1. Classic Greece. Classic Greece is referring to Classic Europe Greece was a Polis before it was a Democracy Reached its “Golden Age” in the 400s B.C. “Cradle of Democracy”. Polis. City-State Ruled by a King. Democracy.

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Classic Greece and Rome

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  1. Classic Greece and Rome Chapter 4 Section 1

  2. Classic Greece • Classic Greece is referring to Classic Europe • Greece was a Polis before it was a Democracy • Reached its “Golden Age” in the 400s B.C. • “Cradle of Democracy”

  3. Polis • City-State • Ruled by a King

  4. Democracy • Direct rule of the people

  5. Athens • City in Greece • The world’s first democratic constitution • Produced significant works of philosophy, literature, and drama

  6. Philosophy • Greek for, “love of wisdom” • 3 great Greek philosophers: 1. Socrates 2. Plato (a student of Socrates) -Author of The Republic 3. Aristotle (a student of Plato)

  7. The Republic • A book written by Plato • A dialogue with Socrates • Concerned the issue of justice and the city-state of Athens. • Takes place during the time of the Peloponnesian War.

  8. Sparta • Its government was an Oligarchy • Infamous for its well established and well trained army • All male citizens, once seven years old, moved to a training school, to teach them to be good soldiers.

  9. Oligarchy • Power rests with a small number of people, royalty or the wealthy.

  10. Conflict Between City-States • Athens and Sparta wanted to expand their boundaries. • Athens- Open to Democracy and new ideas • Sparta- Ruled by a few nobles and disliked change • The two fought often • They united for the Persian Wars, when they prevented the Persians form taking over Greece. • They fought again, in the Peloponnesian War, when Sparta finally defeated Athens. • This greatly weakened Greece.

  11. Invasion of Greece • Phillip II, of Macedonia, and his son, Alexander the Great, conquered Greece. • Alexander created an empire • View map on page 129 • Alexander spread Greek culture everywhere • Alexander died at only 32 years old • His death was very suspicious and many rumors circled around it. • Malaria, Typhoid Fever, Poison, Lifestyle • Alexander’s empire came under Rome rule about 130 B.C.

  12. The Rise of Rome

  13. Historical Rome • Settled around 1000 B.C. • Developed a strong army. • Started as a Monarchy but changed to a Republic. • Led by two consuls • The consuls reported to the senate

  14. Republic • People choose their leaders

  15. Consuls • Individuals elected by the people, to represent them.

  16. Senate • Landowners who served for life - What does this concept resemble? • This was guaranteed by the system of Roman Law

  17. Roman Law • The foundation of Roman Law was the Twelve Tables. • The Twelve Tables were bronzed tablets, on which laws were recorded on.

  18. Republic to Empire • 264 to 146 B.C. Rome transformed into “The Roman Empire” • Senators lost power to Emperors.

  19. Emperors • Absolute rulers

  20. Julius Caesar • Supporters of the Senate killed Julius Caesar, in 44 B.C., for trying to become the 1st Emperor. • This led to a Civil War between Senate supporters and people who supported Julius Caesar.

  21. Caesar Augustus • Octavius • Julius Caesar’s nephew • The 1st Roman Emperor • He initiated a period of peace and prosperity, known as PaxRomana.

  22. PaxRomana • A period of peace and prosperity, for Rome. • Lasted almost 200 years.

  23. Christianity in Rome (1) • Jesus born in Palestine • Palestine was under the rule of Caesar Augustus, at the time. • During PaxRomana: • Jesus carried out his teachings. • Peter and Paul, his disciples established a new Christian Church

  24. Christianity in Rome (2) • Christians were persecuted. • Despite the persecution Christianity spread • It became the official religion of the Roman Empire • This occurred under the leaders: Constantine I and Theodosius I.

  25. Decline of the Roman Empire • After the period of PaxRomana • Constantine I moved the capitol, of Italy, from Rome to Constantinople, near the Black Sea. • Plagues killed numerous people. • Northern defense crumbled against Germanic tribes. • Germany ruled over Rome and much of Italy. • The Eastern Roman Empire or Byzantine Empire did not fall. It continued for another 1,000 years.

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