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JAPAN. GEOGRAPHY. ARCHIPELAGO – Chain of Islands Over 4000 islands, 1200 miles long 4 MAIN ISLANDS: HOKKAIDO HONSHU SHIKOKU KYUSHU. JAPAN. Many Natural Disasters: EARTHQUAKES VOLCANOES TSUNAMIS. JAPAN. Many Mountains – 85% only 12% farmland
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GEOGRAPHY ARCHIPELAGO – Chain of Islands Over 4000 islands, 1200 miles long 4 MAIN ISLANDS: HOKKAIDO HONSHU SHIKOKU KYUSHU
JAPAN Many Natural Disasters: EARTHQUAKES VOLCANOES TSUNAMIS
JAPAN Many Mountains – 85% only 12% farmland Lack of FARMLAND & NATURAL Resources Because of this Japan has had to: FISH, IMPORT FOOD, TERRACE FARM Influenced by CHINA
EARLY JAPAN Start of “IMPERIAL” Tradition Small Areas - Clans MOST POWERFUL – YAMATO {Around A.D. 500 gain control establish themselves as royal family of Japan} Ruler- EMPEROR
EMPEROR Claimed to be descendant of SUN GODDESS The word JAPAN comes from Chinese word “ri-ben” meaning: “Land of the Rising Sun”
JAPANESE FEUDALISM Japan developed a feudal system – LOCALIZED rule by regional families and clans, as well as by the shogun (war lords) Decrease in the power of the EMPEROR The shogun ruled the country through the DAIMYO, who were the heads of the samurai. Peasants farmed the land in exchange for protection by the SAMURAI, who operated under a code of conduct known as BUSHIDO
FEUDAL STRUCTURE Emperor – figurehead – no POLITICAL power Shogun – MILITARY dictator Daimyo –powerful WARLORDS{large landowners} Samurai – loyal WARRIORS
SAMURAI Samurai - “THOSE WHO SERVE” - Protected Japan BUSHIDO – “way of the warrior” strict code of behavior code involved loyalty, bravery, courage, honor If Samurai did not live up to the code expected to commit: SEPPUKU – ritual suicide {Dying an HONORABLE death more important than long life}
TOKUGAWA SHOGUNATE Around 1600 Powerful DAIMYO – TokugawaIeyasu united Japan under one rule Brought PEACE & STABILITY for 300 years Tokugawa Ieyasubecame sole ruler of Japan Set up capital city at Edo (later city is renamed TOKYO
TOKUGAWA SHOGUNATE 1603 – 1868 Period of: Stability, Prosperity, Isolation Structured Society Farmers produced more FOOD Population INCREASED Most peasants led lives filled with misery Culture Flourished – HAIKU poems KABUKI Theatre
TOKUGAWA IEYASU Established – “CLOSED COUNTRY POLICY” 1638 – Banned FOREIGN Merchants Prohibited Japanese traveling OUTSIDE country Strict period of ISOLATION Lasted over 200 years
CLOSED COUNTRY POLICY WHY INSTITUTED? Did not like EUROPEAN ideas Concerned EUROPEANS would colonize Japan Worried over CHRISTIAN missionaries {eventually eliminated CHRISTIANITY}
CLOSED COUNTRY POLICY POSITIVES - most trade INTERNAL kept culture & traditions NEGATIVES – fell behind TECHNOLOGICALLY