Patriarchy and residence patterns of the aged

1. Patriarchy and residencepatterns of theaged Siegfried Gruber andMikołaj Szołtysek Laboratory of Historical Demography 2nd mosaic conference; Budapest, 6-7 September 2012

2. Family systems and theirquintessentials

3. Integrativeapproach to family systems: seeking for a ‘master measure’ • HOLISTIC: includes variables about the elderly, but does not ignore other aspects of familial behaviour • FEASIBLE: easilyderivedfromhistoricalcensus-likelistingswithoften limited information • QUANTIFIABLE: can be computedfrombasicnumericalvariables • COMPARABLE: yields quantities that can be compared across time and space

4. Goals • Design a composite measure that incorporates variables on the aged • Explore its comparative advantages • Explore how ‘elderly’ and ‘non-elderly’ components of the measure are related: is the ‘measurement’ of family systems derived from those two going to be similar or different?

5. Patriarchy: the ‘master’ variable • UBIQUITOUS: all traditional family systems have comprised three regimes - of patriarchy, marriage and fertility (THERBORN 2004) • BROADLY DEFINED • Beyond narrow demographic focus on the spousal age difference(Cain 1988; also Cain, Khanam and Nahar 1979). • System of social relations among the European peasantry that did not start to weaken until the 19th c. • the rule of the father, the eldest, or the husband + MUCH MORE!E.g. variousformalized rules that carry a patriarchalconcept(Kaser 2008, 33). • AVENUES for comparativeresearch: the various family systems were differently patriarchal to start with • EASILY DERIVABLE frominformationcontainedinhistoricallistings • QUANTIFIABLE and SCALABLE: • for everydataseta list of variables can be computed (seefurther); • based on them, an index of patriarchy can be proposed, allowingto identify regions with different degrees of patriarchy

6. Quantifying patriarchy

7. Data to be used (ideally) MOSAIC data pointslocations (www.censusmosaic.org)

8. Data used

9. A testbed for this excercise: 18th-century Poland-Lithuania and Albania in 1918

10. Two societies: the joint family societies Predominantly Muslin and dominated by agriculture patrilocal-household cycle complexity (Kaser 1996, 383; Gruber 2012). Transmission of property not related to death or marriage and took place after generations Balkan patriarchy: strong blood ties, ancestral worship, patrilocality, patrilineal kinship structures, bride price, and blood feuds (Kaser 2008) Serfs, Greek-Catholics, ‘proto-Ukrainians’ and ‘proto-Belarussians’ male ancestral kinship, common ownership of land, joint production, ancestralworship resemblenceto “the well-known South Slavic institution of zadruga” (Kovalevskii 1885, 36-37, 54-55; Leontovich 1896; Efimenko 1892) In the 19th c. still „(…) mentally not adapted to the rules of individualized property” (Efimenko 1892, 400-401)

11. Descriptive statistics (almost unbearable... :)

12. Convertingvariablevaluesintoindexpoints

13. Index of patriarchy

14. Relationshipsbetween ‘elderly’ variables • Variables for theelderlyaregenerallywellcorrelatedwitheachother

15. Relationshipsbetweentwokinds of variables

16. Conclusions: PROMISES • it is possible to construct variables for measuring patriarchy • the Index of Patriarchy may foster further elaborationof the elements of patriarchal structure in different settings • Itmay help clarifying somepending issues related to typologisation of family systems across Europe • Explaining factors for different levels of patriarchyare still to be accounted for

17. Conclusions: CAVEATS Ruggles 2012

18. Comments or Questions? www.demogr.mpg.de