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How do thought, emotion and behavior arise from an amorphous blob?

Explore the functional neuroanatomy of the brain, its systems, localization, and networks to understand how thoughts, emotions, and behaviors arise from the complex neural organization. Discover different approaches to studying brain function in animals, humans, and patients with brain lesions. Learn about the major sensory and motor systems, memory, attention, language, vision, and emotion. Gain insights into the interplay between brain states and specific functional systems.

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How do thought, emotion and behavior arise from an amorphous blob?

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  1. How do thought, emotion and behavior arise from an amorphous blob?

  2. Functional neuroanatomy Overview of brain anatomy & systems Localization/networks Scale Major sensorimotor systems States ‘of mind’ Specific functional systems Memory & Emotion Vision & Attention, Language bradd@nmr.mgh.harvard.edu

  3. Brain anatomy

  4. Approaches to the study of brain function • Animals & humans: anatomy & physiology • Tract tracing; single unit recordings • Patients with focal brain lesions • Behavioral studies & post-mortem anatomy • Structural imaging: In vivo structure/function correlations • Functional neuroimaging

  5. Scale in studying the nervous system

  6. Localization of function in the nervous system Phrenology (Gall, early 1800s) 1.The brain is the organ of the mind. 2. The mind is composed of multiple distinct, innate faculties. 3. Because they are distinct, each faculty must have a separate seat or "organ" in the brain.

  7. Localization of function in the nervous system: Paul Broca & language

  8. Localization of function in the nervous system: Maps and networks

  9. Localization of function in the nervous system: Functional networks • 5 major brain systems subserving cognition and behavior • Left perisylvian language network • Parieto-frontal network for spatial attention • Occipitotemporal network for object/face recognition • Medial temporal/limbic network for learning & memory • Prefrontal network for attention & comportment From Mesulam MM

  10. What are we doing with our brains at this moment?(The student’s brain) • Feeling your chair • Squirming (moving) • Watching • Listening • Remembering • Paying attention • Sleeping • Feeling anxious • Feeling hungry • What happens when you ask a question?

  11. Somatosensory function

  12. Somatosensory function

  13. Motor function

  14. Motor system

  15. Motor system

  16. Motor system

  17. The Brain is Composed of Discrete Cells: Neurons and Glia

  18. The Brain is Composed of Discrete Cells: Neurons and Glia

  19. Neurons have specialized processes that support electrochemical transmission

  20. Neurons communicate with each other primarily through synapses

  21. Glia support and maintain neurons • Protect by surrounding and buffering • Speed transmission by forming myelin sheaths

  22. Motor system

  23. Motor system

  24. Motor system

  25. Auditory function

  26. Vision

  27. Visual system Visual system

  28. Visual system Visual system

  29. Visual system Visual system

  30. Visual system Visual system

  31. Visual system Visual system

  32. Visual system Visual system

  33. Scale in studying the nervous system

  34. Learning and memory/Emotion

  35. Attention

  36. Attention Mesulam MM, Phil Trans R Soc London, 1999

  37. Attention Mesulam MM, Phil Trans R Soc London, 1999

  38. Attention Gitelman DR et al., Ann Neurol 1996;39:174-9 Gitelman DR et al., Brain 1999;122:1093-1106

  39. State vs channel functions States Mood Depression influences activation Hunger Sleep Channels

  40. State modulates channel activity:Hunger LaBar KS et al. Behavioral Neuroscience 2001; April 2001 Vol. 115, No. 2, 493-500

  41. Sleep/Anatomy

  42. Sleep/EEG

  43. Sleep/EEG

  44. What are we doing with our brains at this moment?(The student’s brain) • Feeling your chair • Squirming (moving) • Watching • Listening • Remembering • Paying attention • Sleeping • Feeling anxious • Feeling hungry • What happens when you ask a question?

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