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Chapter 27

Chapter 27. Section 1 – Early Difficulties. Leadership in the Pacific. General Douglas MacArthur: Son of Arthur MacArthur Distinguished General Served in Philippines Wounded Twice WWI 1937 Retires Philippines Advisor President Orders: Roosevelt Recalls to Active Duty

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Chapter 27

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  1. Chapter 27 Section 1 – Early Difficulties

  2. Leadership in the Pacific • General Douglas MacArthur: • Son of Arthur MacArthur • Distinguished General • Served in Philippines • Wounded Twice • WWI • 1937 Retires • Philippines Advisor • President Orders: • Roosevelt Recalls to Active Duty • Summer 1941 • Command of all U.S. Army Units in Pacific

  3. The Pacific Theatre • Japan Attacks: • Pearl Harbor • Dec. 7, 1941 • Hitler Declares War • Against America • Dec. 11, 1941 • December 8, 1941 • Bomb Philippines • Clark Air Force Base • Following Weeks: • Burma • Borneo • Netherlands East Indies • Wake Island • Hong Kong

  4. The Philippines • Significance: • Planes Provide Air Support • Pacific Fleet in Philippines • Fleet Withdraws • Threat of Planes • Taiwan Air Base

  5. Fighting in the Philippines • Battle of Bataan: • General Douglass MacArthur • United States Army Forces in the Far East (USAFFE) • American & Filipino • Held out Against Imperial Army • 4 Months • By March • Entire Western Pacific • Japanese Control • Except Philippines • MacArthur's Orders: • Retreat to Bataan Peninsula • Rapid Evacuation • Supplies & Food

  6. Bataan Peninsula

  7. Japanese Control

  8. The Philippines • Japanese Advance in Philippines: • No Air or Navy Opposition • Advance toward Manila • Japanese Pressure: • Keep Pressure on • War of Attrition • Roosevelt Orders • MacArthur to Australia • MacArthur Vows Philippines • "I Shall Return” • Surrender: • April 9, 1942 • 75,000 Soldiers • 12,000 Americans • 63,000 Filipinos

  9. Soldiers in the Philippines • Bataan Death March: • Soldiers left on Peninsula Surrender • April 1942 • 70,000 Soldiers Forced to March • 65 Mile March • Camp O'Donnell • Fell Behind...Executed • March Toll: • 10,000 Died • Sun Treatment • MudEating • General Homma • Lead Japanese • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uQWdETwFACs

  10. Early War Difficulties – Java Sea • Leading to a Conflict: • Japanese Invasion (2) • Approaching East End of Java • February 27, 1942 • (ABDA) Intercept Fleet • American-British-Dutch-Australian • Difference in Language • Lack of Common Training • Non Modern Ships • Inferior Air Support • Battle of Java Sea: • Large Japanese Force Sent • Instantly Overwhelm ABDA • 4 Older Destroyers (WWI) • Return to Port Surabaya • Refuel • Several Ships Sunk • Doorman's Orders • Flee to Port

  11. Early Difficulties – Sunda Strait • Battle of Sunda Strait: (Feb. 28, 1942) • Houston & Perth • Fleeing Java Sea • Find Landing Force at Bantam Bay • Japanese Invasion: • Supported • Widely Dispersed • Cruisers & Destroyers • Allied Response: • Attack Transports • Japanese Response: • Warships Close in • Fire a Total...90 Torpedoes

  12. Sunda Strait Results • Attack Results: • Both Ships Sunk • 2 Japanese Ships Sunk • 3 Transports Severely Damaged

  13. Java Sea Aftermath • Resounding Japanese Victory: • Ends ABDA Resistance • Invasion Forces Land • Java • Fleet Losses: (1st Java) • ABDA Lost: (14 Total) • 3 Cruisers • 3 Destroyers • Japanese Lost: • 2 Destroyers • Remaining ABDA Fleet: • Remaining Units of Fleet Destroyed • Battle of Sunda Strait • 2nd Battle of Java Sea

  14. Indian Ocean March 31, 1942 – May 10, 1942 • Japanese Forces: • Annihilate ABDA at Java • Carrier Force (Kido Butai) • Admiral Nagumo • Head Westward to Indian Ocean • Indian Ocean Raid: • Operation C • Destroy British Naval Power • Indian Ocean • Secure Westward Flank • Eliminate British Access • Oil: Persian Gulf • Rubber: Ceylon • Islands Control • Harbor & Naval Base • Operations Continue • Burma • Ceylon

  15. Indian Ocean Aftermath • Japanese Fleet: (Kido Butai) • "Intimidate" British Fleet • Capture Key • Locations • Bases • Prepare Invasion of Ceylon • Japanese Invasion: • Ceylon • Never Takes Place • First Carrier Striking Force • Recalled to Japan • Doolittle Raid

  16. Response to Pearl Harbor • Doolittle Raid: • 16 B-25 Bombers "Mitchell" • 5 Man Crew • Launchoff Aircraft Carrier (USS Hornet) • April18 Mid-Afternoon • Encountered Enemy 400 Miles Away • Launch 600 Miles Away

  17. Doolittle Raids • Raid Results: • Targets were Hit (Minimum Damage) • Boosted American Morale • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-yXzYxUC93A • Japanese: • Recall Forces (Home Defense) Medal Return – “With Interest” • Civilians Concerned • The Raid Men: • No Planes Reach China • Men Escorted by Chinese • Two Crews Captured • 8 Airmen • 3 Executed • Japan PunishesChinese... • 250,000 Murdered • Japanese High Command • Embarrassed • Recall 1st Air Fleet • Secure 'Pacific Frontier’

  18. Battle of Coral Sea(May 7-8 1942) • Japan's Aggression: • Extending Defensive Perimeter • Success Indian Ocean • Japanese Escort: • Large Convoy • 2 Heavy Carriers • Shokaku • Zuikaku

  19. American Advantage • Signals Intelligence: • Message Intercepted • 2 Carrier Groups Sent to Coral Sea • Lexington • Yorktown • May 7, 1942: • Early in Battle • American Aircraft • Sink Shoho • Australian/American Cruisers • Block Invasion • Japanese Pilots • Attack Group

  20. Battle of Coral Sea • May 8, 1942: • Japanese Pilots • Find American Carriers • Heavily Damage Yorktown • Sunk Lexington • First Carrier - Carrier Battle • Never Saw One Another

  21. Coral Sea Results • U.S. Results: • Strategic Victory • Invasion Thwarted • Supply Line Remains Open • First Substantial Warship Kill • Shoho • LexingtonSunk • YorktownSeverelyDamaged • Japanese Results: • Japanese Heavy Carriers • Severely Damaged • Couldn't take Part in next Operation • Japanese First Major Failure • Another Insult • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qj-bAJgwej4 • Yamamoto: • Master Plan Fails • Defeat American Fleet • Midway

  22. Preparing for an Invasion • Midway Significance: • Last Island • American Control • Invade Pearl Harbor • Eliminate Fleet Base • Advantage in Pacific • The Purpose: • Draw Out Pacific Fleet • Defeat it • Japanese Embarrassed • Doolittle Raid (April) • Coral Sea (May)

  23. Yamamoto’s Master Plan • 3 Phase Plan: • Phase 1: • Vice Admiral Nagumo • Carrier Force • Suppress Midway • Long-Range Strike Power • American Warships • Phase 2: • Admiral Yamamoto • Battleship Group • Heavy Gun Power • Phase 3: • Vice Admiral Kondo • Battleship & Cruiser Forces • Capture Midway • Aleutian Islands: • Simultaneous Operation • Strategic Diversion

  24. Battle Groups • America: • Quickly Repair Yorktown • 3 Heavy Carriers • Enterprise, Hornet, Yorktown • Japan: • Unable to Repair 2 Heavy Carriers • Coral Sea • 4 Heavy Carriers • Kido Butai • Superior Training & Tactics

  25. American Fleet • American Good Fortune: • Superior Communications Intelligence • Early Warning of Attack • Chester Nimitz: • Pacific Fleet Commander • Carriers to Pearl Harbor • Refuel & Rearm • Escape Japanese Subs • Sets Ambush • Carriers Sent Northeast • June 2nd • Submarines • Cover Midway

  26. Battle of Midway June 4-6 1942 • Japanese Attack: • Midway Island • Aircraft • Carrier Fleet Located: • Americans Launch Aircraft • Torpedo Planes • Dive-Bombers • Japanese Re-Arming Aircraft • Torpedoes • Attack Carriers • American Aircraft: • Torpedo Planes • No Hits • Draw Anti-Air Fire • Fighters

  27. Good Fortune • "Act of God": • Dive Bombers Lost • Follow Destroyer Wake • Carriers • Hit & Sink • 3 Carriers (Akagi, Kaga, Soryu) • Planes-Fuel-Bombs • Explode on Flight Deck • HiryuLaunch Counterattack • Cripple Yorktown • Yorktown Aircraft Sinks Hiryu

  28. Midway Results • Japanese Carrier Force: • Kido Butai (1st Air Fleet) • Destroyed • Ends Offensive Capabilities • Lost Carriers • Skilled Pilots • Japan High Water Mark: • Prior to Midway • Japan had Naval Superiority • Choose When & Where to Attack • After Midway • Two Fleets Equal • Americans Going on Offensive • Guadalcanal Campaign: (August 7, 1942-February 7, 1943) • Japanese Lack Carrier Advantage • Americans 1st Major Land Offensive in Pacific • Americans Offensive-Japanese Defensive • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1v4I6RGRW50&feature=fvw

  29. Battle of MidwayAdvantages/Review Admiral Yamamoto's plan is intercepted and decoded by the U.S. Advantages: Quick repairs to Yorktown allow the U.S. to commit 3 Heavy Carriers against Japan's 4 and had forewarning of Japan's intentions. Also had a little luck Japan had superior training and tactics Attack: Americans discover group and launch land and carrier based attacks. Torpedo plane based attack failed but did bring Japanese fighters down to lower altitude leaving high-altitude attack open. Bombers lost follow destroyer back to Carrier Division. 3 Carriers were (Akagi, Kaga, Soryu) heavily hit and sunk Hiryulaunch a counterattack and cripple Yorktown (later sunk-sub) KiduButai Japanese Carrier force destroyed End of Japanese strategic offensive capabilities Lost main carriers and unreplacable skilled pilots

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