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Historic Jamestown

Historic Jamestown. SITE OF JAMES FORT. PRIOR TO 1994, MOST PEOPLE BELIEVED FOR THE PAST 200 YEARS THAT THE SITE OF JAMES FORT HAD BEEN WASHED INTO THE JAMES RIVER. FEATURES OUTLINED IN RED ARE CIRCA JAMES FORT ERA. BLUE MARKS ARE GRAVE SITES. CYAN BLOCKS ARE LATER 17 TH CENTURY ADDITIONS.

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Historic Jamestown

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  1. Historic Jamestown

  2. SITE OF JAMES FORT PRIOR TO 1994, MOST PEOPLE BELIEVED FOR THE PAST 200 YEARS THAT THE SITE OF JAMES FORT HAD BEEN WASHED INTO THE JAMES RIVER. FEATURES OUTLINED IN RED ARE CIRCA JAMES FORT ERA BLUE MARKS ARE GRAVE SITES CYAN BLOCKS ARE LATER 17TH CENTURY ADDITIONS

  3. The Jamestown Rediscovery excavations began April 4, 1994. It took the archaeologists only 2 1/2 years to uncover enough evidence to prove beyond any doubt that the remains of the fort existed on the A.P.V.A. property. The man above is Dr. William Kelso whose dream of discovering James Fort has been realized.

  4. HOW DO ARCHAEOLOGISTS DATE THE SITE OF JAMES FORT? • ARTIFACTS USED TO DATE JAMES FORT INCLUDE: • COINS • CERAMICS • TOBACCO • PIPES • CLOTH • SEALS

  5. COINS English silver sixpence, dated 1602. Context: From Ditch 3, circa second quarter 17th century.

  6. CERAMICS Bartmann Jug, stoneware, early 17th century. Context: Pit 1 ca. 1607-1610. HOW VALUABLE ARE “KLUTZY” ACCIDENTS? The pottery found on a site can give the archaeologist a very good idea of date. This is because earthenware and stoneware vessels which are used every day to prepare, eat and store food are liable to be broken and thrown away in a short period of time.

  7. TOBACCO PIPES Four white ball clay English tobacco pipe bowls with teardrop-shaped heels. The pipes are mold made and burnished to obscure the mold seams. All these pipes were excavated from plow zone except the example on the upper left. It was found in the Pit 1 (ca. 1607-1610) and has a maker's mark in the way of an incuse "S" on the heel. This mark has been found on London pipes dating ca. 1580-1610.

  8. CLOTH SEALS Lead cloth seal bearing the Tudor coat-of-arms used during the reign of Elizabeth I. It would date no later than 1603, the year of Elizabeth's death, and therefore represents old stores of cloth being supplied to the colonists. Context: Pit 1, ca. 1607-1610.

  9. JAMESTOWN ENTREPRENEURS Upon arrival in Virginia, the colonists went immediately to work to produce objects which would make money for the Virginia Company of London, the group of investors who were financing the colony. Glassmen from Germany attempted to make window glass, workers from Poland made soap ash and potash, Some colonists obtained pitch and tar from the pine trees while others cut timbers to produce clapboard and other wooden products. Some scoured the terrain in the never-ending search for gold and other precious metals.

  10. TRADE WITH THE ALGONQUIN PEOPLES The Powhatans prized copper as the English did gold, but were at war with the Monacan tribe to the west - their main source for native copper. A jeweler, Daniel Stallings, was among the craftsmen listed as coming to Jamestown in 1608. He must have been busy making copper items to trade judging by the amount of copper scraps left behind. More than anything else, copper may have saved Jamestown from destruction by the Indians in those first years.

  11. TOOLS BROUGHT TO JAMES FORT Many tools were brought by the colonists for constructing their fortifications and houses. Absent from the earliest archaeological record are similar numbers of agricultural tools. The first colonists did not intend to survive on the crops that they grew. Scuppet (on right) , Felling Axe (mid-left), Broad Axe (bottom left), Funnel (middle bottom), Half-Round File (top left)

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