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Starter. How is Wal-Mart organized? List as many sections of Wal-Mart as you can (think of the large signs hanging from the ceiling) Where would shampoo be found? What other items would be with it and why?. Classification. Chapter 18.

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  1. Starter • How is Wal-Mart organized? List as many sections of Wal-Mart as you can (think of the large signs hanging from the ceiling) • Where would shampoo be found? • What other items would be with it and why?

  2. Classification Chapter 18

  3. Question: Do not copy this question, answer it using your clicker Approximately how many named species are there on Earth? • 750,000 • 1 million • 100,000 • 2 million • 50,000

  4. Biologists have named and identified over 2 million species and estimate that 2-100 million species still remain to be discovered. • To study the large amount of BIODIVERSITY, biologists use classification to group organisms based on similarities.

  5. Taxonomy- branch of biology concerned with the grouping and naming of organisms.

  6. Taxonomy (cont.) • Aristotle - first taxonomist, classified all living things plants or animals • What is wrong with this??? • CarolusLinneaus - Swedish botanist, developed our current classification system

  7. Ways to classify organisms 1. Physical Characteristics (How they look) 2. Evolutionary Trends (Who they’re related to) 3. Similarities in DNA and RNA (What their genes show) • DNA shows thatAmerican vultures are more closely related to storks than to African vultures 4. Behavioral patterns (How they act) 5. Developmental patterns (How they grow)

  8. Linnaeus’s System of Classification • There are 8 major levels/taxa in biology. • DOMAIN – largest and most inclusive • KINGDOM • PHYLUM • CLASS • ORDER • FAMILY • GENUS • SPECIES - the smallest group: a group of individuals that can breed and produce fertile offspring

  9. Example: Classification of Humans Domain Eukarya(includes all Protists, Fungi, Plants, and Animals) Kingdom Animalia(includes all animals) Phylum Chordata(includes all animals with a backbone) Class Mammalia (includes all animals with a backbone that have hair/fur and mammary glands) Order Primata (includes all animals with a backbone that have hair/fur and mammary glands that are bipedal with opposable thumbs)

  10. Coral snake Abert squirrel Sea star Grizzly bear Black bear Giant panda Red fox KINGDOM Animalia PHYLUM Chordata CLASS Mammalia ORDER Carnivora FAMILY Ursidae GENUS Ursus SPECIES Ursus arctos

  11. Question: Do not copy this question, answer it using your clickerSeveral similar CLASSES make up a • Kingdom • Phylum • Family • Genus

  12. Question: Do not copy this question, answer it using your clickerOrganisms in the same Order must also be in the same • Genus • Phylum • Family • Species

  13. How do we name organisms? • Common names indicate nothing about relationships and classification. • Scientific names help to clear up the confusion. Only one species has a given scientific name.

  14. binomial nomenclature • Scientific name = Genus and species • ALWAYS typed in italics or underlined if they are handwritten. • Genus – always capitalized, can be written alone • Species – never capitalized, usually descriptive of the organism, cannot be written without the genus name

  15. Question:Do not copy this question, answer it using your clickerWhich of the following is correct? • HylaCinera • Hylacinera • Hylacinera • HylaCinera

  16. PRACTICE: Copy the questions and answer them. • Which organisms are most closely related? How so? • What taxonomic levels do all four organisms have in common? • What are the Kingdom, Phylum, Class, and Order for humans? • What is the lowest, or least inclusive, taxon at which the mountain lion and the domestic dog share common characteristics?

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