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The language situation in Norway - and in your countries

The language situation in Norway - and in your countries. Cultural journey Karianne Skovholt 13.09.2011. Overview. What are the language situation in Norway today? What are the historic background of two different norms of written language The minorities in Norway – past and present.

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The language situation in Norway - and in your countries

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  1. The language situation in Norway- and in your countries Cultural journey Karianne Skovholt 13.09.2011

  2. Overview • What are the language situation in Norway today? • What are the historic background of two different norms of written language • The minorities in Norway – past and present

  3. Language and landscape

  4. The language situation in Norway • Many dialects • Three official languages: Norwegian, Sami, Kvensk (+ sign language and Braille writing/blindeskrift) • Two official written norms • nynorsk and bokmål • Sami (Lappish): administration language in the North • Kvensk: administration language in a few local municipalities (kommuner) • Traditional minority languages in Norway: • Sami, kvensk, romani (, romanes • New minority languages: • Swedish, Panjabi/Urdu, English, Danish, Vietnamese, Serbian, Bosnian, Turkish, Arabic

  5. The languagesituation in Norway Æ Æg Æ I Jei Eg Je Jæ E Jeg

  6. Listen to Norwegiandialects • Nordavinden og sola • Nordavinden og sola kjekla/kjeklet om kven/hvem av dei/dem som var den sterkaste/sterkeste. Da kom det en mann gåande/gående med en varm frakk på seg. Dei vart samde/De blei enige om at han/den som først kunne få mannen til å ta av seg frakken skulle gjelde for sterkare/sterkere enn den andre. Så blåste nordavinden av all si makt, men dess meir/mer han blåste, dess tettare/tettere trakk mannen frakken rundt seg, og til sist gav nordavinden opp. Da skein/skinte sola fram så godt og varmt, og straks tok mannen av seg frakken. Og så måtte nordavinden innrømme at sola var den sterkaste/sterkeste av dei/dem. • http://www.ling.hf.ntnu.no/nos/?list

  7. Why two different norms of written language – bokmål and nynorsk? The historical background • Viking age • The plague (The black death) • 1397: Union with Denmark (Kalmarunionen) • Danish influence • Guthenberg • Reformation of the church • 1814: union with Sweeden

  8. The viking age • King • Contact with Europe • Cultural influence • Written language and Latin alphabet (1000 AD) • SnorreSturlason

  9. The plague (The black death) • Priests died • Literacy disappeared • Economic depression • 1397: Kalmarunionen

  10. 1397: Union with Denmark (Kalmarunionen) • 1380: Håkon VI dies • Margrete queen of Denmark and Norway • 1397: Agreement between Sweden and Denmark-Norway • 1523: Sweden left the union • Denmark sthrenghten position

  11. Danish influence • All the important positions were held by Danes • 1462: Johan Gutenbergs printing press • Mass-distribution of books in Danish • Reformation of the church: • Latin abandoned in the services • Bible translated into Danish • 1736: Confirmation: reading and writing skills • Danish became the written language in Norway

  12. 1814: union with Sweeden • 1814: The constitution at Eidsvoll • Dreams of freedom • Romantiscism • Nationalism

  13. Two strategies • Danish-Norwegian: Henrik Wergeland (1808-45), Knud Knudsen (1812-95), Peder Christian Asbjørnsen( 1813-82), Jørgen Moe (1812-85) • A newwrittenlanguagesbasedondialects: Ivar Aasen (1813-96), P.A.Munch (1810-63) Bokmål Nynorsk

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