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JFK to Vietnam

JFK to Vietnam. Kennedy and Johnson Years Causes of Vietnam Consequences of Vietnam. JFK and Johnson. 1960 Election John Kennedy (D) vs. Richard Nixon (R) 1st Televised debate- Kennedy better looking. JFK and Johnson. Kennedy and the Cold War

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JFK to Vietnam

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  1. JFK to Vietnam Kennedy and Johnson Years Causes of Vietnam Consequences of Vietnam

  2. JFK and Johnson 1960 Election • John Kennedy (D) vs. Richard Nixon (R) • 1st Televised debate- Kennedy better looking

  3. JFK and Johnson Kennedy and the Cold War • Kennedy sees Fidel Castro of Cuba as new threat to democracy • K. wants “flexible response” - prepare US to fight any type of war • K. funds “3rd World” countries peace corps, Alliance for Progress

  4. JFK and Johnson • Bay of Pigs Invasion • US breaks relations with Cuba in 1961 (Castro is commie) • Eisenhower told CIA to recruit Cuban rebels to overthrow Castro and plan secret invasion of Cuba • Kennedy took over and plan failed complete disaster • Kennedy embarrassed and took complete blame

  5. JFK and Johnson • The Cuban Missile Crisis • 1962- US learns Soviets building nuclear missiles in Cuba to protect Castro from another US invasion • Kennedy demands Krushchev remove missiles, but secretly negotiates peace terms behind scenes • 6 day standoffpractice détente (ease tensions in Cold War)

  6. JFK and Johnson The New Frontier • Kennedy promised his administration would improve economy, education, healthcare, and civil rightsNew Frontier • US involved in Cold War, economy in recession deficit spending • November 22, 1963: Kennedy assassinated by Lee Harvey Oswald • Jack Ruby shoots Oswald as he is being transferred from custody • Warren Commission- official investigation into assassination

  7. JFK and Johnson Johnson’s Great Society • Lyndon B. Johnson becomes Pres. after JFK shot • Declares “War on Poverty” job corps, education • The Great Society • Vision for US- end poverty and racial injustice • Created Medicare and Medicaid

  8. JFK and Johnson • Warren Court- Supreme Court Justice Earl Warren makes landmark decisions • Brown vs. BOE: ends school segregation • Baker vs. Carr: ends gerrymandering “one man, one vote” • Strengthened rights of the accused: Gideon vs. Wainwright; Miranda vs. Arizona;

  9. Vietnam I Origins of the War • Late 1800s: France imperialized Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia (Indochina) • US gives money to France to maintain Indochina, while anti-imperial forces in Vietnam (led by Ho Chi Minh) begin to grow • Ho Chi Minh starts communist party in VietnamVietminh

  10. Vietnam I Origins continued… • US concerned over domino theory- if Vietnam falls to commie, its neighbors would follow • France loses hold in Indochina at Dien Bien Phu- military base • Vietnam divided at 17th Parallel: North(Commie) vs. South (Dem.) • Communist rebel forces form in SVVietcong

  11. Vietnam I Origins continued… • USS Maddox almost hit by NV in the Gulf of Tonkin, misses • JFK assassinated, LBJ takes over asks congress to use force for war • Gulf of Tonkin Resolution: LBJ to use unlimited resources for war

  12. Vietnam I US Involvement Grows • Ho Chi Minh starts supplying Vietcong in SV along Ho Chi Minh Trail • LBJ starts Operation Rolling Thunder (constant bombing) hoping supplies would stop

  13. Vietnam I • US begins spraying Agent Orange and Napalm, increases air strikes • NV uses guerrilla warfare booby traps, tunnels,  wear down US • US never invaded NV, depended on SV to withstand their invasion • US soldiers and civilians question purpose of war- morale declines

  14. Vietnam I • US divides on war: • Hawks: supports LBJ’s war policies • Doves: Question war

  15. Vietnam I The War Divides America • Those sent to Vietnam were drafted, no volunteers More AA’s drafted than white • College campuses become center for anti-war protests • Vietnam becomes “living room war”- families watched on TV • Credibility Gap grows America’s growing distrust of statements made by gov’t

  16. Vietnam I • Tet Offensive: Turning point of Vietnam War • 1968: Mini truce declared for Vietnam New Year (Tet) • Vietcong launch surprise attack when SV is at it weakest • SV/US win, but proves Vietcong and communism is still strong • US realizes war is nowhere near end, LBJ announces he would not run again

  17. Vietnam II 1968- Chaotic Year • Robert Kennedy, JFK’s bro, runs as Dem. candidate • Assassinated by Sirhan Sirhan • MLK jr. assassinated in Memphis • November: Richard Nixon (Rep.) wins election promises “peace with honor” in Vietnam • Appeals to “silent majority”- the undemonstrators and follows “southern strategy”

  18. Vietnam II The War’s End and Impact • Nixon begins peace talks- all commie out of the SV and return of POW’s • NV wants US out of SV Nixon refuses • Nixon gradually pulls US troops, leaves more responsibility on SV forcesVietnamization • As pullout began, Nixon ordered massive bombing of Ho Chi Minh trail in Cambodia peace with honor

  19. Vietnam II • US is outraged- Kent State Killings- 4 college students shot by guard • My Lai Massacre- US soldiers shoot and kill women, children • 1971: Pentagon Papers reveal US leaders lied to public, never had plan to end war

  20. Vietnam II • Jan. 1973: US and NV sign peace agreement; even though US gone, NV still attacking SV forces Saigon falls • Vets return home to love and disrespect • War leads to gov’t distrust- War Powers Act: restricts president war powers

  21. Vietnam II Nixon and the Cold War • Nixon hires Henry Kissinger as National Security advisor • Real politik- base foreign policy on how powerful a country is, not whether it is Com. or Dem. • Suggests reaching out to Communist China to start trade with US • Nixon tours China in 1972, then visits Soviet Union • Practices détente: easing Cold War tensions • Signs SALT I Treaty: limit number of missiles each country owns

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