Construction

1. Construction

2. Introduction • Personnel Safety – our friends and we go home the way we showed up • Environmental Safety – the environment is not affected, i.e. we keep it “safe” • Project Safety – the project that we are building is constructed the way in which it was supposed to be built

3. Construction

4. Terminal Objective • Upon completion of this course, the participant will be introduced to 14 Human Performance Tools. • As a construction organization, we will focus on the tools that we use on a daily basis: • Pre-Job Brief, • Two-Minute Rule, • Procedure Use and Adherence, • STOP When Unsure, and • Post-Job Review. • Participants will demonstrate their understanding of these five HU tools through completing a written exam with a score of at least 80%.

5. Objective 1 The Basis is the fundamental or foundational principles upon which the tool is based.

6. Objective 2 Describe “When to Use” each of the 5 Construction HU tools and provide practical examples for each tool.

7. Objective 3 Describe specific “Behavior Standards” that are to be applied when using the 5 Construction HU tools.

8. Objective 4 Describe the “At-Risk Behaviors to Avoid” as applicable to the use of the 5 Construction HU tools.

9. Objective 5 Roles and Responsibilities • All employees are expected to use HU tools to prevent errors. • HU tools prevent injuries and environmental issues, as well as future operating problems associated with construction activities.

10. Objective 5 Roles and Responsibilities Executive and Senior VPs serve as HU Executive Sponsors for their Strategic Business Units

11. Roles and Responsibilities • Identify and resolve conditions adverse to quality. • Closely monitor Pre-Job Briefs and determine the most important HU tools for the job are identified. • Ensure high standards are maintained. Managers, Supervisors, and Foremen

12. Roles and Responsibilities • Actively participate in identification and resolution of issues. • Identify and implement best practices in HU tool usage. • Focus coaching on positive behaviors. Managers, Supervisors, and Foremen

13. Roles and Responsibilities • Use HU tools consistently while performing work. • Observe and coach other employees in HU tool usage. Employees

14. Roles and Responsibilities • Actively participate in identifying and resolving issues. • Identify best practices and implement them. Employees

15. Is it a Question of Competence or Fallibility? PRIDE • Pride tends to blind us to the value others can provide and this attitude hinders teamwork. • People with foolish pride think their competence is being called into question when they are corrected about not adhering to expectations. The issue is human fallibility, NOT someone’s competence

16. Pre-Job Brief: Basis A HU tool that allows the worker to think through a job and use that knowledge to make the job as safe and efficient as possible.

17. Pre-Job Brief: When to Use the Tool • Low hazard jobs require a verbal Pre-Job Brief. • High hazard jobs require documentation of the brief on the applicable SBU form.

18. Pre-Job Brief: When to Use the Tool • To ensure standards are met: • A supervisor or foreman should be present during Pre-Job-Briefs for low hazard jobs. • A supervisor or manager shall be present during documented Pre-Job Briefs for high hazard jobs.

19. Pre-Job Brief: Behavior Standard • Review procedures, work packages, and job safety analysis. • Involve everyone who will be part of the work activity. • Emphasize the expectation of procedure use. • Supervisors, foremen, and employees will jointly decide how the work can be performed safely.

20. Pre-Job Brief: Behavior Standard • If significant changes occur during a job, an additional Pre-Job Brief is required. • Special precautions must be given to activities that involve troubleshooting or discovery of equipment problems.

21. Pre-Job Brief: Behavior Standard 5 Basic Topics • SAFER: • Summarize the critical steps • Anticipate errors • Foresee consequences • Evaluate Defenses • Review Operating Experience

22. Pre-Job Brief: At-Risk Behaviors to Avoid • Not correctly identifying high hazard and low hazard jobs. • Assuming a verbal briefing is sufficient for all types of work. • Using a generic or pre-made Pre-Job Brief form.

23. Pre-Job Brief: At-Risk Behaviors to Avoid • Lack of participation by everyone during the brief. • Not heeding the precautions for the job. • Moving outside the scope of the briefing.

24. Two-Minute Rule: Basis Ensures an accurate understanding of the hazards and challenges.

25. Two-Minute Rule: Basis Take time before starting a job to familiarize yourself with the work environment and to identify conditions that were not known during the Pre-Job Brief.

26. Two-Minute Rule: When to Use the Tool • Upon arrival at the physical work site • Before touching important equipment • While walking down a work package • While near potential safety hazards • After a break from work

27. Two-Minute Rule: Behavior Standard • Explore the job site by: • Looking around the work area. • Look for environmental and safety hazards. • Identify sensitive equipment. • Determine if conditions are consistent with those described in the Pre-Job Brief. • Locate personnel safety equipment.

28. Two-Minute Rule: Behavior Standard • Ask yourself: • How could I get hurt? • Do I have the proper PPE? • What hazards are in the area? • Do we have the necessary Foreign Material Exclusion tools? • Are we at the right location? Are we on the correct Unit, Train, or Component? • Are the appropriate safety barriers in place? • What else could go wrong? • Do we need to or have we changed our plan?

29. Two-Minute Rule: Behavior Standard • Talk with co-workers or your supervisor about unexpected hazards or conditions • Eliminate hazards

30. Two-Minute Rule: At Risk Behaviors to Avoid • Hurrying • Thinking the job is “routine” or “simple” • Believing nothing bad can happen • Not talking about precautions with co-workers • Not raising “gut feel” concerns with co-workers or supervision

31. STOP When Unsure: Basis What is a knowledge-based performance situation?

32. STOP When Unsure: Basis What do you do when you find yourself in a knowledge-based performance situations?

33. STOP When Unsure: When to Use the Tool • Stop When: • A work package contains text that you believe may be in error. • You are assigned a task in a work area that has been flagged with Caution Tape and this wasn’t discussed during the Pre-Job Brief.

34. STOP When Unsure: When to Use the Tool • Unexpected results • Unfamiliar situations • Questions for which you don’t have the answers • Uncertain that you are in compliance with expectations, procedures, or regulations • Observed work practices are different from what was expected • When conditions have changed

35. STOP When Unsure: Behavior Standard • Stop any activity, when you are confused or doubt remains. • Place the system, equipment, component, and job site in a safe condition. • If available, ask an experienced team member, who is qualified on the activity, to help.

36. STOP When Unsure: Behavior Standard • Inform your immediate supervisor of the problem. • Perform another Pre-Job Brief if work conditions found are different from those discussed during initial briefing. • Do not proceed in the face of uncertainty.

37. STOP When Unsure: At-Risk Behaviors to Avoid • Assuming • Rationalizing something that deviates from the norm • Not asking for help • Thinking the task is “routine” • Believing nothing bad can happen • Ignoring subtle differences • Unaware of critical parameters

38. Procedure Use and Adherence: Basis • Procedure use and adherence means understanding a procedure and following its direction. • The user is expected to perform all actions as written, unless the procedure, work order, or work package cannot be used as written and should this happen, STOP the activity and resolve the issue.

39. Procedure Use and Adherence: Basis • Procedure use specifies the minimum required reference to the procedure during the performance of a task, such as continuous use, reference use, and information use. • Procedure adherence means following the intent and direction provided in the procedure regardless of the level of use.

40. Procedure Use and Adherence: When to Use the Tool Procedures, work orders, and work packages are to be used for all activities involved with the construction, maintenance and operations in support of the plant.

41. Procedure Use and Adherence: Behavior Standard Verify the procedure being used is the correct revision. Review all Prerequisites, Limits, Precautions, and Initial Conditions before starting work. An effective Place-Keeping method is used for procedures that do not require sign-offs.

42. Procedure Use and Adherence: Behavior Standard Procedures shall be followed as written without deviating from the original intent and purpose. Do not deviate from the sequence of steps, unless approved. Do not ‘N/A’ any step, unless approved.

43. Procedure Use and Adherence: Behavior Standard • STOP - Contact a Supervisor: • If a procedure is incorrect and will result in damage to equipment, incorrect parameters, or configuration. • If desired or anticipated results are not achieved.

44. Procedure Use and Adherence: At-Risk Behaviors to Avoid • Assuming a procedure is well-written and accurate • Blindly complying with a step or procedure and not understanding its purpose • Performing a task without knowing critical steps in advance • Believing in the philosophy that “Any operator worth his/her salt doesn’t need a procedure”

45. Procedure Use and Adherence: At-Risk Behaviors to Avoid • Skipping steps or segments of a procedure • Not rigorously following a procedure because of past success • Commencing a procedure without establishing initial conditions requirements are met • Using a procedure maliciously

46. Procedure Use and Adherence: At-Risk Behaviors to Avoid • Not reviewing the procedure before task performance • Using an outdated procedure revision • Marking steps not applicable (N/A) for inadequately or improperly written steps • Not submitting feedback when procedure problems are found

47. Procedure Use and Adherence: At-Risk Behaviors to Avoid • Not applying Place-Keeping with continuous use procedures • Using check marks instead of initials or signatures, unless the procedure allows it • Inserting one set of initials followed by a line through the remaining signature blanks • Signing off a step as completed before it has been completed

48. Post-Job Review: Basis Post-job reviews allow employees that were involved in the work activity an opportunity to provide feedback.

49. Post-Job Review: When to Use the Tool • Conduct after high hazard jobs using appropriate TVA Form, Post-Job Review Checklist. • Can be conducted for low hazard jobs to improve work processes.

50. Post-Job Review: Behavior Standard • Performed with those who participated in the Pre-Job Brief and performed the work. • Normally conducted by the person who conducted the Pre-Job Brief.