The French in America

1. The French in America The French settled in what was called “New France” -Established a large trading empire -Traded many beaver pelts and hides for fashion industry of Europe -Trade depended on the natives—good relationship Furs for guns

2. Settlements: • New Orleans would thrive as a French settlement because of its location at the mouth of Mississippi River as it emptied into the Gulf of Mexico • French settlements grew very slowly because of the emphasis on trade, not agriculture

3. European/Indian Alliances • France—Allied with the Huron and Algonquin Indians • England—Allied with the Iroquois Indians

4. The Iroquois • -The Iroquois Tribe or Iroquois Confederation banded together for military protection, creating a very powerful alliance • --Mohawk, Cayuga, Seneca, Oneida, Onondaga, Tuscarora

5. -When beaver pelts and hides began to run out, Huron and Iroquois tribes began to wander into each other’s land • -The Iroquois attacked the Huron threatening the French fur trading empire • -France waged war on the Iroquois, drawing in the English • -This war would eventually be called the French and Indian War

6. The Frontier • -This was a very hostile and unstable area in and around the Appalachian Mountains • -France is alarmed that many English settlers are coming here and therefore sponsor Indian attacks on them

7. Reading/Notes Questions • For what reason(s) were the French in America? • Why was the city of New Orleans so important? • Give several reasons why the Europeans and Natives were fighting each other. • What tribes are friends of the French? What tribes are friends with the English? • Who should win in a war between the English and the French? Why do you think so?

8. Albany Plan of Union • Meeting called in 1754 to discuss the boundaries between France and England • Benjamin Franklin of Pennsylvania urged the colonists to join together and to appoint a council to represent the colonies • This council would decide over war and peace with the natives • Called the council the Albany Plan of Union • This was rejected because of the colonists’ fear of a strong central government

10. End of the French and Indian War

11. After Braddock’s Defeat • William Pitt becomes new finance minister of England • New Goals • Win war at all costs • Seize Fort Duquesne • Capture Quebec—capitol of New France • Push French out of major forts

12. William Pitt • Was he successful? • Yes • Duquesne is captured • Quebec is captured • French are kicked out of forts • War is won by the English • Treaty is signed

13. The Treaty of Paris, 1763 • France and England end fighting • France gives up on its colony, leaves North America!! • Britain controls all land East of Mississippi • Spain gives Florida to England, takes all land west of the Mississippi

14. War is won, but…. 1. England is now in tremendous debt • Natives on the frontier not happy that England is now there --Pontiac’s Rebellions • Proclamation of 1763—England passes a law that English settlers cannot settle west of the Appalachian mountains!! -angers the colonists