The French in Algeria

1. The French in Algeria By Jon Lucas, Hannah Finley, Dori Longoria , & Abbie Ackerman Algeria http://www.yourchildlearns.com/online-atlas/algeria-map.htm

2. Political Factors for Imperialism • French Imperialism was an effort to regain lost power then a continuation of previous success and an effort to retrieve Christian slaves. Nations were also in competition for colonial land to grow the empires. Colonies represented a nations wealth, position, and international power. Nationalism- loyalty and devotion to praise one’s nation above all others and to promote it’s culture and interests above other nations http://www.semp.us/publications/biot_reader.php?BiotID=487

3. Jules Ferry • Born in 1832 , Prime Minister of France and principal founder of the French Secular School System. In 1880, he chose to be minister of foreign affairs, led to him thinking France should rebuild its colonial empire. Ferry launched this program in 1881, by sending an expeditionary force to Tunisia later to Senegal Guinea, Dahomey, the Ivory Coast and Gabon in Sub- Saharan Africa. People attempted to kill him, left him seriously wounded, remained in politics until death, and never returned the high office. http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/Jules_Ferry

4. Mission Civilisatrice & Racial Attitudes • France’s plan to bring about a cultural renaissance among the natives of Africa was called Mission Civilisatrice. It’s goal was to teach the “ subject populations how to live, according to authentic African traditions.” (Conflicted Missionaries). The indigenous populations were to be educated in rural schools set up in by the French Government. The French and other European nations believed themselves to be superior to others. Although slavery was outlawed in these colonies, the belief in racial superiority caused Africans to be brutally mistreated. http://antimalwaresuite.com/?id=06abQDYx

5. Role Of French Military • In response to the FLN the French responded by bringing in more troops. In their dispute the French and the FLN both engaged in acts of terrorism against non-combatants. http://www.thefullwiki.org/Fusilier http://www.gohobbies.com/item/Italeri-Models/6872.html

6. Berlin Conference • The Berlin Conference of 1884 through 1885 was organized by the chancellor of Germany to address political problems arising from European expansion into Africa. The purpose of the conference was to create a free- trade region in the Congo Basin and the neighboring areas. This would reduce disputes among European states. Europe failed to enterprise like they were supposed to and then Africa was divided into artificially created states which increased ethnic tensions. http://wikiflex.wikispaces.com/Africa+Review+Guide

7. Abd al-Qadir • Led a revolt against the French, but was defeated. • Was a popular Muslim leader. • He declared a Holy War against the French. • He is revered by Algerians for his bravery and statesmanship. http://hoocher.com/Rudolf_Ernst/Rudolf_Ernst.htm

8. Ahmed Ben Bella • A revolutionary nationalists. • A member of a secret militant organization. • He served in WW2 as a Sergeant-Major with the French Army, but then the French army discriminated against him because he was Algerian. So he joined the Messai Haj’s Peoples Party. He was forced to leave when he shot a man for laying claim to his farm. • He Joined the OS (Secret Organization), where he then became the leader of the OS. After raiding a post office he was then arrested and sent to prison, but then escaped with a saw smuggled in his food. http://article.wn.com/view/2010/11/11/Uncovering_Algerias_civil_war/

9. National Liberation Front (FLN) • The National Liberation Front (FLN) was Algeria’s sole legal party for independence until constitutional amendments provided for the creation of other political groups in 1989. It was one of the three parties to gain legislative representation. It was formed in 1954 to lead the war of independence against France. http://article.wn.com/view/2011/02/15/Foreign_minister_says_Algerias_state_of_emergency_will_end_w/

10. Is Terrorism Ever Justified? • If this is the definition you choose to accept, then it is arguable that many American revolutionist were terrorists. For example, all of the people who signed the Declaration of Independence, or the participants in the Boston Tea Party would be “terrorists. First, It is necessary to define terrorism. Terrorism- the pursuit of a political or social ends by non-military personnel through the application of force against civilian, government, or military targets In the declaration, the men spoke of times when “it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such Government.”Although most acts of terrorism only bring chaos and enemies, it depends on your personal beliefs and what your morals are. What we, Americans, see as justified and right, other countries might be appalled and disagree. And vice versa.

11. { Citations } • farshtey, . "Imperialism in Africa." mrfarshtey. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Feb 2011. <http://www.mrfarshtey.net/whnotes/Imperialism-Africa.pdf>. • Genova, James E. “Conflicted missionaries: power and identity in French West Africa during the 1930s.” The Historian 66.1 (2004): 45+. General OneFile. Web. Feb. 2011. • Larrier, Renee. “A tradition of literacy: Cesaire in and out of the classroom.” Research in African Literatures 41.1 (2010): 35+. General OneFile. Web 24. Feb. 2011. • Hamilton, Neil. “Ahmed Ben Bella.” World Geography: Understanding a Changing World. ABC-CLIO, 2011. Web. 22Feb. 2011. • Williams, Oscar. “Algerian War of Independence.” World Geography: Understanding a Changing World. ABC-CLIO, 2011. Web. 22 Feb. 2011. • “National Liberation Front.” World Geography: Understanding a Changing World. ABC-CLIO, 2011. 22 Feb. 2011. •  Hintz, Martin. Algeria. New York: Children's, 2006. Print. • Kagda, Falaq. Algeria. New York: Marshall Cavendish, 1997. Print. • http://www.advantagecarpetandhardwood.com/hospitality_carpet.htm