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Chapter 12: Writing…

Chapter 12: Writing…. NOTES: About exercising : it keeps you healthy: physically & mentally… I’ve tried to match the slides to the order of the textbook this time… . Generalities. < 6,000 years old Human invention Learned skill Impacts our thinking How many vowels in English?

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Chapter 12: Writing…

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  1. Chapter 12: Writing… NOTES: About exercising: it keeps you healthy: physically & mentally… I’ve tried to match the slides to the order of the textbook this time…

  2. Generalities • < 6,000 years old • Human invention • Learned skill • Impacts our thinking • How many vowels in English? • Word pronunciation

  3. History of Writing • Apparently for Business Transactions… • Multiple Independent Developments • Middle East – Sumerians • ~ 3,500 BC • Egypt (totally independent??) • ~ 3,000 BC • China • ~ 2,000 BC

  4. 196 BC Hieroglyphics(prestige - religious) Demotic(popular - daily script) Greek(Conquered people) So What?? Rosetta Stone… http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/aes/t/the_rosetta_stone.aspx

  5. Pictograms… Writing or Not?

  6. Writing: Defined A system of visual symbols representing audible symbols

  7. U Tell Me • What are some creative txt examples? • What are some emoticons?

  8. Whaddya Think? • Does TXT qualify as: • writing • a new language • just shorthand of normal English • something else… << If so, what? >> • What about emoticons?

  9. Writing Systems • Syllabic • Logographic (ideographs) • Alphabetic

  10. Syllabic • Symbol represents a syllable • 4GET IT • But NOT: GR8 • Gradual development from pictures to symbols

  11. Modern Syllabic Systems

  12. Japanese The Japanese also use our alphabet…

  13. Logographic • AKA • Ideographic • Pictographic • Symbols represent words – Not syllables • Symbols based on: • Meaning &/or Sound • Ideal system • each word: unique symbol • Chinese system • each word: symbol or combination of symbols • 5,000 characters to read a newspaper • 30,000 characters to read classical literature

  14. From Pictures of Real Items • Sun • Moon • Bird • Extensions of Meaning

  15. Dialect Variation

  16. Alphabetic • Set of graphic symbols which represent distinctive sounds • English • IPA • Greek = 1st …? • Ideally – 1 to 1 relationship with sound • English (& French) are way off… • Spanish & Korean come close

  17. Korean: Alphabetic/Syllabic

  18. English Orthography • 26 letters: • 20½ consonants • 5½ vowels • Actual Usage • ≈ 24 consonants • ≈ 13 vowels • ≈ 5 diphthongs

  19. Spelling Reform Issues

  20. You Try It Find examples of words where the root change pronunciation and A. does not change the spelling B. does change the spelling

  21. What Do You Think? • What are the two most important human inventions of all time? • Compare their importance to writing

  22. Advantages & Disadvantages of: • Logographic, syllabic, alphabetic systems • Learning ease • Ease in writing • Ease of reading • Problems for printing • Adaptability for current & future technology • Represent borrowed words (names, etc) • What sociological & historical factors interact with the items above – be as specific as possible

  23. On Orthography • How important is a language’s orthography? • Why do you suppose Sequoya chose to invent a totally new orthography? • What’s your prediction for the future of our globe’s languages? • Solidarity? - What system? Why? To what result? • Diversion? - Support your point? To what result?

  24. Recommended Exercises • Just for Fun: • http://www.omniglot.com/index.htm (Writing & languages of the world) • Textbook Exercises • (1, 2 – previous slides) & 5

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