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Regional accessibility indicators: developments and perspectives

Regional accessibility indicators: developments and perspectives. Hugo Poelman DG REGIO-GIS hugo.poelman@cec.eu.int. The context. Treaty: « harmonious, balanced and sustainable development of economic activities » Objectives for Structural Funds intervention 2007-2013 convergence

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Regional accessibility indicators: developments and perspectives

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  1. Regional accessibility indicators:developments and perspectives Hugo Poelman DG REGIO-GIS hugo.poelman@cec.eu.int

  2. The context • Treaty: « harmonious, balanced and sustainable development of economic activities » • Objectives for Structural Funds intervention 2007-2013 • convergence • competitiveness and employment • cooperation

  3. The context • Accessibility of a region/territory • key concept related to the three S.F. objectives • accessibility problems of convergence regions • role in assessing regional competitiveness • cooperation: role in analysing the situation of cross-border regions

  4. Areas of interest • Accessibility relates to • transport networks • telecom networks • availability of specific services of general interest • Focus of this presentation: • role of transport infrastructure

  5. Data and indicators • Different types of indicators: • different levels of data requirements • different degrees of complexity • Main types include: • endowment indicators • travel time and travel cost • daily and potential accessibility

  6. Endow-ment indicators • Measure the presence of infrastructure in the regions • Typically: network length and/or density, expressed by surface and/or population • More refined description when using breakdown by category of infrastructure (gives some hints on network quality)

  7. Density of railway lines by population Endow-ment indicators Example

  8. Time-stamped network information: evolution of motorway network Endow-ment indicators Example

  9. Travel time and travel cost • Travel time from an area to the nearest location of a certain kind • Travel cost (accumulated) to a set of certain activities

  10. Travel time Example • Transportation richness index • buffers around network nodes to determine approximate travel time • index values for 10 km grid cells • combining different transport modes (e.g. relevant for passenger or freight transport)

  11. Transportation richness index for TEN freight network Travel time Example

  12. Average time to reach the 3 nearest cities of more than 100000 inhabitants Travel time Example

  13. Travel cost Example • Connectivity indicators (ESPON) • Weighted travel time from regions or representative point locations • Evaluating accessibility to a set of transport network access points where a minimum level of services is provided

  14. Travel cost Example • Aspects of connectivity • Level of service provision of network nodes (e.g. rail stations, motorway entrances) • Availability of secondary networks enabling access to the nodes

  15. Daily and potential accessibil-ity • Daily accessibility: activities (or locations) accessible within a given time • Potential accessibility: accessibility to accumulated activities, weighted by a function of travel time (or cost)

  16. Daily accessibility (by air) between MEGAs Daily accessibil- ity Example

  17. Potential accessibil-ity Example • Potential accessibility of NUTS3 regions • Time-distance matrix of NUTS3 regions • Impedances taken into account • With respect to regional population (or GDP)

  18. Towards a set of indicators? • The “best” or the “unique” accessibility indicator doesn’t exist • Accessibility of regions / territories could be described by a core set of indicators, covering different aspects • Special attention for the relationship between those indicators

  19. Towards a set of indicators? • Questions of model development (improved spatial analysis tools) • Coherent indicator set • Updateable (frequency?) and comparable over time • Place of the accessibility concept in the future development of regional transport indicators by Eurostat?

  20. Towards a set of indicators? • Pending issues: • Concept of quality of accessibility: • actual use of networks • question of congestion • seasonal differences • Suitable data sources? • Unit of analysis: NUTS regions, grid cells, MAUP problem...

  21. Data sources • Current datasets OK for experimental work • Mainstreaming accessibility indicators would increase requirements for basic geo-referenced data • Different indicators should be derived from (ideally) the same set of core datasets (e.g. same transport networks)

  22. Data sources • Transport networks: • compatible with other reference layers • decently time-stamped and updated • including attribute information on quality and characteristics of links and nodes (cf. level of services provided) • EU + neighbours

  23. Data sources • Other data sets: • Land Cover: • interpretation of accessibility differences • disaggregation tool for e.g. population data • delimiting urban and rural areas • Digital Elevation Model: • consider physical constraints • Local administrative borders + related (census) data

  24. Conclusion • Typical example of need for synergy between geographical and statistical data • Modelling rather extensively testing (e.g. see www.espon.lu) • Reliable and meaningful indicators should play a role in the analysis of regional situation and trends

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