Enterovirus 70

1. Enterovirus 70 • AHC acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis • Coxsackievirus A24 • 1971 first isolated • 1969 From Ghana –Africa –India –Far East-Europe • 1970 global emergence in the AHC • Hypothesized that EV70 may have emerged through an unknown mechanism from an animal reservoir

2. Simian enteroviruses • Coxsackievirus B5 • Antigenic and molecular comparisons have suggested that swine vesicular • Herpesvirus B • Closely related to human pathogens and have the potential to directly cause serious disease in humans • EV70 and EV 71 • Agents of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis and HFMD • But their origins remain unknown

3. Conclusion • Most emergent viruses are zoonotic • Rodents and arthropods are most commonly involved in direct transfer ,and changes in agricultural practices or urban conditions that promote rodent or vector multiplication favor increased incidence of human disease • In addition to the human and nonhuman primate enteroviruses,there are also enteroviruses that infect cattle and swine • One or more of these unknown animal enteroviruses may develop the ability to infect and cause disease in humans