Entry task

1. Entry task • Compose a list of things you remember about WWI from 10th grade world history…. Could include: • Causes? • Results? • Battles? • Who was involved?

2. WORLD WAR i:America goes isolated

3. Background: Causes (MANIA) • Militarism • Alliances • Nationalism • Imperialism • Assassination • Journal #1 • For each cause, answer the questions(in yellow font)

4. Militarism • Which country had the largest increase in weapons/arm from 1890 to 1914? 2ndmost? • Which country spent the least? • Hypothesize: How is this linked to being a cause of WWI?

5. Alliances • Using the cartoon, explain how alliances were a cause of WWI… • Using the graph below, who made up the Triple Entente? Triple Alliance? • Summarize how these two sources detail how Alliances were a cause of WWI

6. Nationalism “Land of Hope and Glory, mother of the free... God who made thee mighty, make thee mightier yet.” The words of Land of Hope and Glory, written by the English composer Elgar and sung by British people at the Prom concerts every year. “Germany, Germany above all, over everything in the world, When it steadfastly holds together, offensively and defensively.” • The words of the German national anthem,Deutschland uberAlles. • Using the sources above, How would nationalism cause tensions/hatred towards another nation? • How does this relate to the causes of WWI • Describe a form of American Nationalism

7. This British postcard shows what would happen if the Kaiser took the 'place in the sun' that he wanted. Imperialism

8. Assassination- The match that lit the powder keg in Europe

9. Question to consider…. • When war broke out in the Europe, the United States decided that it’s foreign policy would be to remain neutral and trade with both sides of the conflict. • What problem(s) could arise out of this?

10. "neutral in thought as well as in action."

11. Problems with neutrality Which decade, after 1991-2000, had the highest amount of immigration? How could this impact America’s inability to stay neutral?

12. Trade suffers and grows • Great Britain blockades German ports • Trade with Central powers : $170 milllionin 1914 to almost nothing by 1916 • But, U.S. trade w/ allies rose from $825 million in 1914 to $3.2 billion in 1916 • Loans: • By April 1917, we had loaned the Allies over $2billion • Hope they would continue to purchase goods • Downfall: if they lost, they wouldn’t be able to pay us back!

13. U-boats, blockades, and The sinking of the Lusitania

14. Unrestricted Submarine Warfare

15. Zimmerman telegram and Wilson’s Request for War • Journal #2 & 3 • What caused the U.S. to break diplomatic relations w/ Germany? • Who was Zimmerman? When did he write it and who intercepted it? • What was the proposal to Mexico? • Who was Mexico suppose to negotiate w/ on the behalf of Germany? • Why publish this telegram publicly? How will this help Wilson get the support he needs to declare war?

16. Journal #3 questions • According to Wilson, how is German submarine warfare a war agfainst mankind? • Look at Paragraph 4: what should be the motive for the U.S. to go to war? What shouldn’t be? • What are the “Motives” and “Objects” in declaring war? • According to Wilson, list what the war will involve…. • “We have no selfish ends to serve. We desireno conquest…” WHY is Wilson making it known what his intentions are ? • What is he trying to accomplish by saying this?

17. What can you remember • What Does M.A.N.I.A stand for? • Describe how 2 of these were a cause of WWI?

18. "Now is the winter of our discontent made glorious by this sun of (New) York." • Gen. John Pershing and American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) go to Britain • U.S. had a small readily-available army compared to the rest of Europe • Arms build-up for years prior to WWI • But, the U.S. did boost a population of more than 90 million people.

19. Selective Service • all males aged 21 to 30 req’d to register • 2.8/4.8 million soldiers raised were drafted • Jones Act • Complaints from Allies on lack of speed in military build-up • Was America to blame?*

20. Pershing’s ideas • Americans aren’t used for reinforcements • Indep. Fighting unit under only his command • German offensives would change his strategy

21. Harlem Hellfighters, the Black Rattlers and the Men of Bronze

22. Impact of U.S. Troops • Fresh soldiers everyday- up to 10,000/day • Morale boost • Supply boost from home front

23. Questions to consider • What level of destruction do these pictures indicate? • What are some emotions evoked when viewing these images? • How long do you think it would take to rebuild these buildings and communities? • How much do you think it would cost? • Can a community ever really recover from such destruction? • How would you feel if this was your community?

29. France's goals for the postwar settlement might differ from U.S. goals. • What might France fear? • What would France probably want with respect to Germany? Why? • Would those desires be reasonable? Why or why not? • Why might the U.S. be able to take a more idealistic perspective?

30. The first 26 Articles of the Treaty set out the Covenant of the League of Nations; the rest of the 440 Articles detailed Germany's punishment: • Germany had to accept the Blame for starting the war (Clause 231). This was vital because it provided the justification for... • Germany had to pay £6,600 million (called Reparations) for the damage done during the war. • Germany was forbidden to have submarines or an air force. She could have a navy of only six battleships, and an Army of just 100,000 men. In addition, Germany was not allowed to place any troops in the Rhineland, the strip of land, 50 miles wide, next to France. • Germany lost Territory (land) in Europe (see map, below). Germany’s colonies were given to Britain and France. • (Also, Germany was forbidden to join the League of Nations, or unite with Austria.)