1 / 13

World History: The Earth and its Peoples

World History: The Earth and its Peoples. Chapter 23 Nation Building and Economic Transformation in the Americas, 1800-1890. Objectives. Understand the causes of the revolutions for independence in Latin America.

adsila
Download Presentation

World History: The Earth and its Peoples

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. World History:The Earth and its Peoples Chapter 23 Nation Building and Economic Transformation in the Americas, 1800-1890

  2. Objectives • Understand the causes of the revolutions for independence in Latin America. • Be able to describe the political challenges that Western Hemisphere nations face in the nineteenth century . • Describe how abolitionism, the movement for women’s rights, and immigration change the nations of the Western Hemisphere. • Understand how industrialization and new agricultural technologies affect the environment.

  3. Latin American Independence Roots of Revolution • unhappy elites • landowning creoles • high taxes • high govt. / church positions • Enlightenment ideas • Napoleon’s invasions • Portugal – 1807 • King John VI • Spain – 1808 • King Ferdinand VII • Junta Central • sense of nationalism • 1808-1809 local juntas • 1810 efforts

  4. Latin American Independence Venezuela – (Caracas) 1811-1824 • landowning creoles • Opposition to emancipation • Remove Spanish influence • Simon Bolivar – 1783-1830 • English education, personality • Keys to Victory • English vets, military revolt • Gran Columbia • Venezuela, Columbia, Ecuador Argentina (Buenos Aires) - 1810 • loyalty to King Ferdinand VII • Chaos until 1817 • Jose de San Martin • Former slaves and gauchos • Bolivar defeats loyalists in 1824

  5. Latin American Independence Mexico – 1810-1823 • richest colony • Viceroy overthrown • conservative Spaniards • rule by brute force • Sept. 16, 1810 • Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla • Catholic priest • peasant uprising • elite response • Jose Maria Morelos • defeated in 1815 • 1820 military revolt • Monarchy • Agustin de Iturbide

  6. Latin American Independence Brazil • King John VI – 1808-1821 • Spanish uprising forces hand • leaves son as regent • rising tide of nationalism • Pedro I – 1821-1831 • 1822 constitutional monarchy • “cancer eating away at Brazil” • revolutionary costs • 1831 abdication • Pedro II • 5-year old son • emperor of Brazil in 1840 • rules until 1889

  7. Latin American Independence Constitutional Experiments • U.S. Articles of Confederation • 11781-1787 • British Canada • Confederation of 1867 • “birthday of a new nationality” • regional provincial rule • Latin American Efforts • Venezuela and Chile • 9 between 1811-1833 • Mexico and Brazil • limited constitutional monarchies Inherent Problems • lack of experience in constitutional government • political role of Catholic Church • limiting power of military Outcome: rise of populist leaders

  8. The Problem of Order Personalist leaders (caudillos) • patriot military leaders • mobilize and direct masses • challenge constitutional limits • Andrew Jackson – (1828-1836) • Battle of New Orleans – 1815 • Florida seizure - 1818 • Jose Antonio Paez • Venezuela – (1829-1847) • independence from Gran Columbia • Commonalities • common man & elite interests • regional / ‘nation’ interests

  9. The Problem of Order Regionalism • South America • Gran Columbia & La Plata • North America • Senate • Northern / Southern interests • slavery (Ex: Louisiana – 1803) • Civil War • 75 years of establishment War • French / Mexican War – 1862-67 • conservatives vs. liberals • Maximilian vs. Benito Juarez • Mexico vs United States • 1835 Texan rebellion • 1845 Mexican-American War • Texas, N.M., Arizona, California

  10. Economic and Social Change Natives • independence opens ‘frontiers’ • less able to maintain peace • United States • Tecumseh – 1811 • Amerindian alliance • War of 1812 • Indian Removal Act – 1830 • Trail of Tears • Plains Indians / Argentina -Chile • effect of firearms • buffalo and cattle • Civil War • elimination of the buffalo • advent of railroad • Yucatan • Caste War – 1847 • 1880s

  11. Economic and Social Change Slavery • abolitionists • most slavery gone after independence • United States • women/ free African-Americans • Harriet Beecher-Stowe • Frederick Douglass • north versus south issue • Brazil • slavery until 1888 • Paraguayan War – 1865-70 • slaves join Brazilian army • Cuba • anti-independence/ fear revolts • decline in sugar profitability – 1800 • British naval pressure

  12. Economic and Social Change Immigration • 1500-1760: slaves 2:1 ratio • immigration = rapid growth • 1870s shift • west to east • hostilities • nativism • “desirables” and “undesirables” • Asian • U.S. Exclusion Act – 1882 • Canadian “head tax” • acculturation • school assimilation • patriotism and nationalism

  13. Nativism

More Related