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Marcel Weil, Katja Dombrowski, Anja Buchwald

Sustainable Design of Geopolymers - Integration of Economic and Environmental Aspects in the Early Stages of Material Development. Marcel Weil, Katja Dombrowski, Anja Buchwald. Development of Geopolymers supported by System Analysis. A. Buchwald Bauhaus Uni. Weimar.

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Marcel Weil, Katja Dombrowski, Anja Buchwald

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  1. Sustainable Design of Geopolymers - Integration of Economic and Environmental Aspects in the Early Stages of Material Development Marcel Weil,Katja Dombrowski, Anja Buchwald

  2. Development of Geopolymers supported by System Analysis A. Buchwald BauhausUni. Weimar M.Weil Forschungs-zentrum Karlsruhe materials K. Dombrowski TU Freiberg

  3. Binder Ability to build non-crystalline networks (molecules) Silicate: Si-O-SiAluminate: Al-O-Al What Are Geopolymers? Alumosilicatic polymeric binders

  4. Solid Fluid • Binding material: • Metakaolin • Slag • Fly ash • Activated clay • ... Alkaline activator: •NaOH/KOH •Sodium water glass •Potassium water glass •... + Water Binder Geopolymer Geopolymer Mixing Setting

  5. technical performance costs (LCC) environmental impact Geopolymer - high strength - resistance against acids - temperature resistance - cold setting - quick setting - use of secondary raw materials - extended lifetime

  6. Material Development

  7. Goal Selection and optimisation of the most promising geopolymer compositions for specific fields of application by the use of system analytical tools

  8. 3 2 1 Approach 3rd Step: Detailed LCA, LCC, and optimisation of most promising geopolymers 2nd Step: Streamlined LCA, LCC, and key properties of geopolymers 1st Step: Screening of mineral raw materials 1st Step: Screening of mineral raw materials

  9. Situation: 58 raw materials (35)

  10. Raw materials Secondary resources Primary resources • Ceramic waste materials • tiles • sanitary porcelain • kiln lining material • Slags • blast furnace slag • steel slag • copper slag • municipal waste slag • Clays • kaolinitic clays • ilitic clay • dolomitic clay • Ashes • hard coal ash • soft coal ash • sewage sludge ash • Others • broken down masonry • brick scrap • glass industry waste • Volcanic deposits • trass • tuff • basalt

  11. Task: Screening of raw materials • What should not happen: Loosing valuable candidates • Strategies: 1. Select a group of promising candidates 2. Use different methods for the screening process • Situation: 58 raw materials (35)

  12. Compensatory method With weighting of the technical indicators and the objectives technology, economy, ecology/health ranking order Non-compensatory method Without weighting of the indicators and objectives selection of dominant alternatives Methodes Pre-selection

  13. Indicators Technical -reactivity (quantitative) -mechanical strength (quantitative) -resistance against acids (qualitative) -temperature resistance (quantitative) -setting time (quantitative) -workability (qualitative) -handling (qualitative)

  14. Indicators Economy -raw material costs (quantitative) -costs of the thermal activation of raw materials (qualitative) -costs of grinding raw materials (qualitative) -follow-up costs caused by slow setting (qualitative) -follow-up costs caused by high water absorption (qualitative) Ecology/Health -availability/consumption of mineral resources (quantitative) -consumption of energy resources (qualitative) -toxic load (qualitative) -health and safety at the workplace (qualitative)

  15. Compensatory method - Application fields

  16. AHP(Analytical Hierarchy Process) Compensatory method Specifications of the application P1 P2 ... Pn

  17. Ranking order of the alternatives for different application fields Compensatory method Problem: Determination of the cut-off level

  18. Results (compensatory method)

  19. Non-compensatory method„dominance concept“ • No weighting of objectives • No consideration of application field

  20. X X X X „dominance concept“ Ecology/Health °A2 °A3 °A1 °A4 °A6 °A8 °A7 °A11 °A5 °A12 technology °A10 °A14 °A13 °A15 °A9 Stage 1 (preselection) economy

  21. „dominant concept“

  22. Conclusions • Introduction of Life Cycle Thinking in the early phase of material development is possible • Preselection is important step • too strong -> exclusion of valuable alternatives • too weak -> additional work, costs, … • Compensatory methods allows a good decision support in screening phase • Dominance concept is a powerful tool for a rough screening

  23. Thank You

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