Graphite deposits and exploration in Norway, review and ongoing projects

1. Graphite deposits and exploration in Norway, review and ongoing projects HåvardGautneb Senior geologist Geological Survey of Norway (NGU) The Geological Survey of Norway (NGU) is a government agency and part of the Ministry of Trade and Industry (NHD): its main task is to contribute to ensuring that geoscientific knowledge is utilized for the effective and sustainable management of the nation’s natural resources and environment

2. NORWAY Size ≈ New Mexico (330.000 km2) Population ≈ 0.5 x City of New York (5 million) • Norway is W Europe’s most important producer of: • * Aluminium metal * Calcium carbonate filler • * Ferroalloys * Mineral-based fertiliser • * Manganese alloys * Nepheline • * Nickel metal * Olivine • * Silicon metal * Ultrapure quartz • * Titanium minerals * Fused Magnesia Source BGS

3. Norwegian mining law (The mineral act, new in 2009) Two types of mineral resources: Minerals owned by the state: all metals and coal. (claimable minerals, first to find first to mine). Land owners minerals, include everything that is not owned by the state,( all industrial minerals eg. graphite, quartz). Need agreement with every landowner, to be utilized. Everybody has the right to seek for minerals on other peoples properties, but need agreement with landowners to be able to mine any findings (++regulations related to mining activity) Full freedom to roam: Everyone in Norway enjoys the right of access to, and passage through uncultivated private and state land in the countryside. Check Directorate of mining: www.dirmin.no

4. Closed /not yet active Skaland/Trælen Jennestad Nunasvarra Active Rendalsvik Woxna Havchozero Shungite Vegår for free copy email: Havard.gautneb@ngu.no

5. GEOLOGY OF NORWAY In large parts of Norway the rocks are metamorphic (often high grade) which favors the formation of metamorphic mineral deposits including flake graphite Graphite provinces

6. 2013 airborne helicopter geophysics, FEM, RAD, MAG Skaland 1922-present Jennestad 1946-1960 Rendalsvik 1932-1945 Registered graphite deposits, mines and showings. Less than 10 have resource assessment Free download of raw data from: www.ngu.no 100 km

7. Island of Senja Trælen 2006-present Skaland 1922-2006 Trælen: 1.8 mt; 31% C, 50-70 years life time Worlds richest flake graphite mine in production!! Graphite showings

8. EM map (6.6 kHz) Inversion cross-section

9. Trælen & Skaland + minor showings Trælen 1 km Skaland

10. Bukkemoen area Sea water Vardfjellet 10% C Bukkemoen 15 % C Geophysical anomaly 3 x size of Trælen New target ? 1KM Inversion cross-section

11. BukkemoenSenja All Norwegian graphite deposits are folded and deformed in a complex multistage manner Graphite schist In this particular case 600m long ore body with average 15% C Data from Henderson & Kendric 2003

12. Inversion of EM data, cross section over Bukkemoen

13. Island of Langøya, mines and showings 1899-1918 1899-1918 1946-1960 Inversion cross- section

14. Jennestad area New target ? % C Norwegian graphite as 2012- present 877 meter core (2013) total 3.6 Mt@9% C www.norwegiangraphite.no 20% C 12% C 17% C 10% C

15. Bø area 15 % C 15 % C ? ? Skaland size geophysical anomaly, where outcrop 21 % C 21 % C 1 km Cross section

16. Inversion profile, Langøya

17. Graphite scenery abandoned mines & showings Graphite ore 12 % C Graphite ore 21% C The graphite ore is located under thin cover using Geonics EM 31

18. 0.5 cm Typicalexampleof flake graphite ore from thehigh grade metamorphic areas ofNorthernNorway. Deposit: Haugsneset, Vesterålen This sample : 21.07 volume % graphite

19. The Holandsfjord area Rendalsvik 1932-1945 Nord-Vaernes 1984: 14 drill holes 866 meter, indicated resource: graphite ore body with 20-30 meter thickness, steeply dipping 300 meter strike length average grade 9.5% C

20. Rendalsvik mine About 200 meter of tunnels. Mostly in barren country rock (WW2 sabotage)

21. Vegårdshei area southernNorway Generally low grade 2-6% carbon Vegår-Søndeled area (50 km) numerousbodiesofgraphitebearing rocks Graphiteschists This area was covered with airborne geophysics in 2006 by former Toronto based junior company Blackstone Ventures (disappeared after finance crisis), so did also access to their data.

22. Graphite bearing rocks, Kragerø area Graphite schist from 1.2 to 6.4% C, average 3.8 % 1 km

23. Kragerø graphite ores Low grade but high fraction of large flakes Concentrate after rougher floation Jumbo flakes

24. Norwegian graphite deposits Summary • All are of the flake graphite type • Generally relatively small in size (low tonnage) • Often of high grade, + 15% C not uncommon • Very favorable location: • often (much) less than 5 km from sea • often less than 1 km from electrical grid • New mines must in all probability accept ore that is considerably lower in grade compared to what is in production today in Norway. • New geophysics show several new targets, associated with old mining areas.

25. Thank you for your Attention! Disclaimer: Due to the uncertainty oftheinterpretationofgeologicalinformation, neigthertheauthor nor theGeological Survey ofNorwaytakesanyresponsibility for actionsthirdpartiestakeafterusing data from thispresentation or from ourpublic databases.