Sustainable Habitats

1. Sustainable Habitats • Housing • Drinking water • Urban Development • Health and Sanitation • Waste Management • Transport • Pollution • Greening of Urban Spaces

2. Sustainable Habitats • Current Status • Perceived Climate change impacts • Departments dealing with Sustainable Habitats • Strategies

3. Sustainable Habitats Current Status Housing Tamil Nadu ranks first on share of Urban population among large states in the country and third on absolute urban population; the state has 3 to 4 major urban corridors; more than 20 per cent of the urban population of the State live in slums Drinking water Largely dependent on rainfall for water supply to the state. Rural areas suffer due to poor drinking water supply. (Next slide shows the status of water supply in the State) Urban Development About 76 percent of the area is only covered under planned area, the rest of the areas do not fall under any government plan; there is also large illegal constructions which have increased with rapid migration

4. Status water supply Tamil Nadu

5. Sustainable Habitats Health and Sanitation The State has a fairly robust health infrastructure; yet it faces shortfalls in terms of primary health centers and healthcare personnel. Sanitation is another major concern as underground sewerage schemes are in existence only in 16 towns of the State Waste Management Population growth has enhanced the quantum of waste generation thus leading to an increase in the level of pollution. Accumulation Municipal Solid Waste (MSW), is a matter of growing concern in urban areas. The implementation of Municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handling) Rules 2000 has become the mandatory responsibility of the Urban Local bodies.

6. Sustainable Habitats Transport The transport sector is the area which consumes around 50 percent of the petroleum products and has the potential of saving 25 percent energy. There has been substantial increase in the vehicular population between 2007-08 to 2011-12, of which significant contribution is from the non- transport vehicles sector. Greening of Urban Spaces Due to rapid urbanization and migration from rural areas the government recognizes that there is a need to ensure greening of urban spaces

7. Sustainable Habitats Pollution Urbanization and further development in housing, transportation, industrial growth etc has lead to an increase in pollution. Over crowding of cities and towns, traffic congestion, lack of adequate water supply, sanitation and increased cost of living are few of the major concerns. Air borne emissions from industries and vehicles has contributed to air pollution. It has been noted there are over 3000 highly polluting red category industries in Tamil Nadu releasing over 6lakh liters of effluent per day.

8. Sustainable Habitats Perceived Climate change impacts Housing-It is estimated that of the 20 percent of the urban population living in the slums about 30 percent are living on river and watercourses margin below Mean Flow Levels. These hutments will be submerged in flash floods causing loss of lives or properties. Drinking Water-Can impact quality and availability of water, as also cause damage to water supply and drainage/sewerage infrastructure assets, increase disease causing organisms, changed pattern of thermal mixing can cause ‘eutrophication’ Health and Sanitation-Heat related morbidity and mortality, Respiratory allergies and bronchial diseases, Vector borne and zoonotic diseases, Water borne diseases, Neurological diseases and disorders, Cancer are key concerns related to health

9. Sustainable Habitats Urban Development-Climate Change likely to damage infrastructure due to extreme weather conditions and flooding Waste Management-can cause rapid anaerobic degeneration of bio wastes if waste disposition is not done properly Transport -rising vehicular population couple with increased level of pollution and increasing fuel prices Pollution-can affect the quality of air, water and other resources Greening of Urban Spaces-for controlling temperature rise due to climate change in urban spaces

10. Sustainable Habitats Departments dealing with Sustainable Habitats (1) Housing and Urban Development, (2) Municipal Administration and Water Supply Department, (3) Transport Department, (4) Health and Family Welfare Department, (5) Tamil Nadu Energy Development Agency, (6) Tamil Nadu Electricity Board, (7) Rural Development and Panchayat Raj Department, and (8) Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board.

11. Sustainable Habitats Strategies Housing • Mandatory ECBC implementation in all sectors • Design considerations to withstand calamities • New Housing Policy • Promotion of alternate construction material in housing like M.Sand(produced by crushing hard granite stone), fly ash etc to reduce the pressure on natural resources. • Research on long-term impacts on manufactured sand on quality of housing Pollution • Improved air quality monitoring through more stations in urban centers • Air quality monitoring along roads with heavy vehicular movement

12. Sustainable Habitats • Monitoring of groundwater quality • Ensuring ZLD in industries • Action Plan to control Pollution • Strict enforcement with penalty for violation Greening of Urban Spaces • Compulsory OSR for greenery under the Development regulations in DTCP. • Stringent compensatory plantation for tree cutting, including heavy refundable deposit upon evidence of completing compensatory plantation • There are several residential projects coming up with the provisions for greenery around the built-up area. This may be included in the development regulations while giving approvals. • Study to identify suitable plant and tree species for urban greenery

13. Sustainable Habitats Urban Development • Mandatory adoption of ECBC. • The Building Rules of local body may include the wastewater recycling provisions for large commercial and industrial developments as mandatory provision before issue of permission for developments. • Propose to achieve a model split of 70:30 for public and private transport • Encourage environment/ eco-friendly modes of transport i.e. cycles, pedestrian friendly traffic. • Enlarge the segments of vehicular population converted to pollution free fuels, viz., LPG/CNG/battery. • Strictly enforce the road users to obtain EUC

14. Sustainable Habitats • Establish an air quality monitoring system, which maps the quality of air across the road network periodically. • Subject every major transport development measure to safety audit. • Disaster precaution in building designs • Regulation of developments in flood prone areas • Removal of encroachments in disaster/flood prone areas Water • Revamping of existing water supply schemes to avoid loss of water • Protection of water sources • Increasing storage capacity • Reuse of grey water • Recharge of groundwater • Promotion of Manufactured sand in construction

15. Sustainable Habitats Health and Sanitation • New Sanitation Policy • Monitoring of vector-borne and water- borne diseases • Identification of indicators for monitoring • Study on vector-borne diseases • Ensuring complete coverage with sanitation Waste Management • Setting up of the Material Recovery Facility within the compost yard • Energy generation from methane recovery from SWM all over Tamil Nadu • Study shall be carried out to identify the composition of solid wastes in different regions of Tamil Nadu to finalize the management proposal • Introducing penalty provisions for non- segregation of wastes by the occupier, for littering on streets and depositing or throwing any solid waste in contravention of the provision and on the local body for deficiency in services

16. Sustainable Habitats • Preparation of “Action Plan” for all the Corporations, municipalities and town panchayats in Tamil Nadu • Conducting Training Program for officials, people and manufactures of various municipalities. • Providing incentives to private sector to participate in the reduction, segregation, transport, recycling and final disposal of all types of solid wastes. • Specific responsibility to be assigned to stakeholders in the implementation of the plan • “Polluters Pay” principle, local bodies to collect a levy from bulk garbage generators such as industries, hotels, marriage halls, markets and commercial complexes. • Establishing safe recycling facilities for e- waste and construction debris

17. Sustainable Habitats Transportation • Increase the number of bus services in over crowded routes and add new services including mini buses in added areas. • While developing road infrastructure, exclusive lanes to be created for pedestrian and bi-cycle. • Measures to make cycling attractive with good cycling paths, cycle parking facilities, link between cycling and public transport. • Congestion taxes may be levied on vehicles • Transportation Fund may be created • Single window clearance by CUMTA • Comprehensive Mobility Plan (CMP) • Advertisement revenue for public transport – from bus shelters • High Parking revenue to match market demand, periodical renewal, to contribute to traffic fund, and discourage private transport.

18. Sustainable Habitats • Low-floor buses to support differently abled • Emission based special taxes/ penalty • Providing feeder services to connect the residential areas • Encouraging car-pooling • Introducing no -driving day • Increased subsidy / Reduced excise duty on hybrid vehicles and battery operated vehicles. • Improvement to all existing roads and maintenance at regular intervals • Adoption of alternate/advanced technology including mixing of plastic to ensure endurance to the roads Climate Change and Sustainable Habitats • Sustainable Habitat/Climate Change Policy • Climate Change cell in each department. • Alternatively Creation of Climate Change Department