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WORLD MARITIME UNIVERSITY

WORLD MARITIME UNIVERSITY. ANTI-FOULING SYSTEMS. Professor Jan-Åke Jönsson. Why is it necessary with an Anti-Fouling System on the ship’s underwater body?. Fouling  Increased friction drag  Increased fuel consumption  Increased exhaust emissions 

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WORLD MARITIME UNIVERSITY

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  1. WORLD MARITIME UNIVERSITY ANTI-FOULING SYSTEMS Professor Jan-Åke Jönsson

  2. Why is it necessary with an Anti-Fouling System on the ship’s underwater body? Fouling  Increased friction drag  Increased fuel consumption  Increased exhaust emissions  Accelerated green house effect (CO2) and Acid rain (NOx and sulphur)

  3. What is TBT ? The most effective anti-fouling paints have for many years been tin based chemical compounds (organotin), which act as biocides • Pros • Exceptionally effective • Broad spectrum • Environmental (marine pests) and economic benefits • Cons • Highly toxic to marine organisms with proven effects on the food chain

  4. Why is it necessary with a Convention ? • ORGANOTIN is: • highly toxic towards marine organisms as a whole • degrading very slowly in the marine environment • causing toxic sediment on the sea bed • causing problem with the reproduction for the most sensitive species in the water Therefore IMO in the 1990s called for action: “to ultimately phase out the use worldwide and to promote environmentally safe anti-fouling”

  5. Anti-Fouling Systems International Convention on the Control of Harmful Anti-Fouling Systems on Ships (AFS 2001 Convention) which bans the use of harmful organotin compounds on ships' hulls Came into force on 17 September 2008

  6. Anti-Fouling Systems Guidelines Guidelines for survey and certification of anti-fouling systems on ships (resolution MEPC.102(48)) Guidelines for brief sampling of anti-fouling systems on ships (resolution MEPC.104(49)) Guidelines for inspection of anti-fouling systems on ships (resolution MEPC.105(49))

  7. Harmful ships' paint systems are illegal Ships will no longer be permitted to apply or re-apply organotin compounds, which act as biocides in their anti-fouling systems. It should be noted that small quantities of organotin compounds, acting as chemical catalysts are allowed, provided they are not acting as a biocide. Inorganic impurities in the constituents of the paints should also be considered. At present neither organotin catalysts nor inorganic impurities are found at concentrations which will be close to the threshold level, which is 2,500 mg Sn/kg of dry paint (organotin-containing compounds, when present in order to act as a biocide have a concentrations up to 50,000 mg Sn/kg of dry paint).

  8. Harmful ships' paint systems are illegal Option 1: Ships shall not bear organotin compounds on their hulls (= full removal) or Option 2: For ships already painted with such compounds, a coating that forms a barrier must be applied to prevent leaching from the underlying non-compliant anti-fouling systems. The Convention also establishes a mechanism to evaluate and assess other anti-fouling systems and prevent the potential future use of other harmful substances in these systems.

  9. Anti-Fouling Systems Article 3 Application The Convention applies to ships flying the flag of a Party to the Convention and to all ships that enter a port, shipyard or offshore terminal of a Party.

  10. Anti-Fouling Systems Article 5 Controls of waste materials A Party to the Convention shall take appropriate measures in its territory to require that wastes from the application or removal of a TBT anti-fouling system is collected, handled, treated and disposed of in a safe and environmentally sound manner to protect human health and the environment.

  11. Article 10 Survey and certification Shall be ensured by the Flag State and in accordance with annex 4 Annex 4 Surveys and certification requirements for anti-fouling systems Regulation 1 Surveys Ships  400 gt in international voyages are subject to: Initial survey before the ship is put into service or before the International Anti-Fouling System Certificate is issued for the first time; and Survey when the anti-fouling systems are changed or replaced. Such surveys shall be endorsed on the Certificate. .

  12. Article 10 Survey and certification Shall be ensured by the Flag State and in accordance with annex 4 Annex 4 Surveys and certification requirements for anti-fouling systems Regulation 2 Issue of an International Anti-Fouling System Certificate A ship shall be issued with a Certificate after successful completion of a survey . Regulation 4 Validity of an International Anti-Fouling System Certificate A Certificate shall cease to be valid in either of the following cases: (a) if the anti-fouling system is changed or replaced and the Certificate is not endorsed in accordance with this Convention; and (b) upon transfer of the ship to the flag of another State

  13. INTERNATIONAL ANTI-FOULING SYSTEM CERTIFICATE An anti-fouling system controlled under annex 1 has not been applied during or after construction of this ship  An anti-fouling system controlled under annex 1 has been applied on this ship previously, but has been removed by (insert name of the facility) on (date)  An anti-fouling system controlled under annex 1 has been applied on this ship previously, but has been covered with a sealer coat applied by (insert name of the facility) on (date) THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT: 1 the ship has been surveyed in accordance with regulation 1 of annex 4; and 2 the survey shows that the anti-fouling system on the ship complies with the applicable requirements of annex 1.

  14. RECORD OF ANTI-FAULING SYSTEMS shall be permanently attached to the certificate -Type of anti-fouling system -Date of application of anti- fouling system -Name of company and facility/location where applied -Name of anti-fouling system manufacturer -Name and colour of anti- fouling system -Active ingredient and their Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number -Type of sealer coat, if applicable -Name and colour of sealer coat applied, if applicable -Date of application of sealer coat

  15. Article 10 Survey and certification Shall be ensured by the Flag State and in accordance with annex 4 Annex 4 Surveys and certification requirements for anti-fouling systems Regulation 5 Declaration on Anti-Fouling System The Administration shall require a ship ≥ 24 metres or more in length, but ≤ 400 gross tonnage engaged in international voyages (excluding fixed or floating platforms, FSUs, and FPSOs) to carry a Declaration signed by the owner or owner's authorized agent. Such Declaration shall be accompanied by appropriate documentation (such as a paint receipt or a contractor invoice) or contain appropriate endorsement.

  16. DECLARATION ON ANTI-FOULING SYSTEM I declare that the anti-fouling system used on this ship complies with annex 1 of the Convention. (Date) (Signature of owner or owner's authorized agent) Endorsement of anti-fouling system applied Type of anti-fouling system used and date of application

  17. Resolution MEPC.105(49) Adopted on 18 July 2003 GUIDELINES FOR INSPECTION OF ANTI-FOULING SYSTEMS INSPECTION (PORT STATE CONTROL) 1. Ships required to carry an IAFS Certificate or Declaration on Anti-Fouling System .1 Examine the IAFS Certificate or Declaration on Anti-Fouling System, and the attached Record of Anti-Fouling Systems. .2Find out whether an anti-fouling system controlled under annex I has or has not been applied, removed or been covered with a sealer coat. .3The validity of the IAFS Certificate should be confirmed by verifying that the Certificate is properly completed and signed/endorsed. Particular attention should be given to verifying that the initial survey matches the dry dock period listed in the ship's log. 2. Ships of non-Parties to AFS 2001 .1 As ships of non-Parties to AFS 2001 are not entitled to an IAFS Certificate, the PSCO should look for documentation that contains all of the information in the IAFS Certificate. If the ship has such documentation, the PSCO may take its content into account in the evaluation of that ship's compliance.

  18. Resolution MEPC.105(49) Adopted on 18 July 2003 GUIDELINES FOR INSPECTION OF ANTI-FOULING SYSTEMS BRIEF SAMPLING OF ANTI-FOULING SYSTEMS ON SHIPS 1. In addition to reviewing the IAFS Certificate the inspection also may include a brief sampling of the ship's anti-fouling system. The sampling must not affect the integrity, structure, or operation of the anti-fouling system. 2.If a brief sampling is conducted, the time to process the results shall not be used as a basis for preventing the movement and departure of the ship.

  19. Anti-Fouling Systems

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