Adaptations & supporting policies for food security and livelihoods

1. Adaptations & supporting policies for food security and livelihoods

2. Based on…….

3. Outline • General types of adaptations needed • An adaptation framework • Win-win adaptations • Supporting policies

4. Adaptations need • To minimise and fill the gap

5. Adaptation decision framework Addresses climate change Long-term Loss Long-term Gain Near-term Loss Addresses present drivers Win-Lose Near-term Gain After Grafton (2010)

6. Adaptations to minimise the gap Avoid this Avoid this

7. Win-win adaptations Manage and restore vegetation cover in catchments L-L L-W W-L W-W Improves resilience of coral reef, mangrove and seagrass habitats

8. Win-win adaptations Sustain production of fish stocks L-L L-W Maintaining spawning adults will help ensure replenishment and build resilience of key species W-L W-W

9. Adaptations to fill the gap

10. Win-win adaptations Increase access to tuna with anchored inshore Fish Aggregating Devices (FADs) L-L L-W W-L W-W

11. Win-win adaptations Improve post-harvest methods L-L L-W W-L W-W Photo: Jocelyn Carlin

12. Win-win adaptations Develop pond aquaculture in rural and peri-urban areas L-L L-W W-L W-W Photo: Ben Ponia

13. Win-win adaptations Develop coastal fisheries for small pelagic species ? L-L L-W W-L W-W Photo: Nathalie Behring

14. Other adaptations Provide for landward migration of coastal fish habitats L-L L-W W-L W-W

15. Other adaptations Reduce and diversify catches of demersal fish L-L L-W W-L W-W Greater focus on herbivorous fish

16. Other adaptations Allow for expansion of freshwater fish habitats L-L L-W W-L W-W

17. Suggested supporting policies • Strengthen governance of agriculture, forestry and mining practices to prevent soil loss and pollution, to safeguard fish habitats and water quality • Minimise barriers to migration of coastal and freshwater habitats • Promote mangrove replanting programmes • Apply ‘primary fisheries management’ to coastal fisheries to maintain their potential for replenishment

18. Suggested supporting policies • Restrict export of demersal fish to retain them for national food security • Increase access to tuna for the food security by reducing national allocations to industrial fleets • Capitalise on opportunities for freshwater pond aquaculture • Limit farming of Nile tilapia to catchments where tilapia species are already established, or there is a shortage of fish

19. Key investments • Surveys of best sites for installing inshore FADs • Programmes to install and maintain FADs • Identify prime locations for peri-urban and rural pond aquaculture • Hatcheries and networks to deliver juveniles • Evaluate merits of micro-credit schemes to develop fisheries around FADs; expand pond aquaculture; and scale-up post-harvest processing

20. Conclusions • Win-win adaptations are available to reduce risks and capitalise on opportunities • Supporting policies and investments are needed • Integrate adaptations and policies and investments into national strategies and action plans for climate change, including community-based actions supported by partners