Adjacency Pairs, Cont.

1. Adjacency Pairs, Cont. Prof A. Elhaloui

2. Nah, people mostly go for music. But I’m sure they’ll have a good food there Well, I guess the food isn’t great. Why did the lady modify her statement after some silence?

3. preface Em-well-out there-they-they mostly work on people’s feet. So chiropodists do hands I guess. Stumbling repetition An appeal to the opinion of others Delay-pause Why did the lady make her response so complex?

4. What’s an adjacency pair? Adjacency pairs are paired utterances that show the following basic characterisitcs: • Adjacent • Produced by different persons • Ordered as a first part and a second part • Each particular first part is typically followed by a particular second part.

5. What’s an adjacency pair? Adjacency pairs are paired utterances that show the following basic characterisitcs: • Adjacent • Produced by different persons • Ordered as a first part and a second part • Each particular first part is typically followed by a particular second part. The Problem of the existence of Insertion Sequences

6. Relevance Conditional Relevance If the relevant second part (SP) does not immediately follow the first part (FP), then the seemingly irrelevant turn that actually follows (FP) is intended to motivate an insertion sequence, and, once some preliminaries are sorted out, (FP) will be attended to If the relevant second part (SP) does not immediately follow the first part (FP), then the seemingly irrelevant turn that actually follows (FP) is only intended to motivate an insertion sequence, and, once some preliminaries are sorted out, (FP) will be attended to.

7. What’s an adjacency pair? Adjacency pairs are paired utterances that show the following basic characterisitcs: • Adjacent • Produced by different persons • Ordered as a first part and a second part • Each particular first part is typically followed by a particular second part.

8. The Issue • What’s the potential of second parts we have for each first part? • The fourth charactersitic would be interesting only if a set of potential second parts can be delimited.

9. Example ... • Questions can be followed by: • Partial answers • Rejections of presuppositions • Protestations of ignorance • Denial of the relevance of the question • ”Re-routes”

10. I have no idea What’s that got to do with it? Better ask Jack! He doesn’t Oh, this and that! What does John do for a living?

11. Example ... A- what does John do for a living? B- • Oh, this and that! (partial answer) • He doesn’t (reject pressuposition) • I have no idea (statement of ignorance) • What’s that got to do with it? (denial of relevance of the qs) • Better ask John (re-routes)

12. So ... Each particular first part is typically followed by a particular second part. The fourth property of adjacency pairs Can be challenged:

13. However ... • Even if it’s hard to delimit a set of potential second parts, there is always a certain second part which is preferred or unmarked.

14. Dispreferred Seconds • Dispreferred second parts are marked by various kinds of structural complexity: • The are typically delivered: • After some significant silence • with some preface marking their dispreferred status (well...) • With some account of the preferred second part cannot be performed.

15. Sure Could you .hh read another story .hh for me The acceptance of the request made is done with a minimal granting element:: ”sure”

16. Um I wondered if there’ any chance of seeing you tomorrow sometime (0.5) morning or before the seminar (1.0) A Non-minimal response The micro pause (.) Significant silence Delay components An account of difficulty Ah um (.) I doubt it B Uhm huh A The reason is that I am seeing Elizabeth B

17. Adjacency pairs are NOT simply contentless noises in sequence. They represent social actions, and not all social actions are equal when they occur as second parts of some pairs. • Basically, a first part that contains a request or an offer is typically made in the expectations that the second part will be an acceptance. An acceptance is structurally more likely than a refusal. This structural likelihood is called preference (preferredness). • The term is used to indicate socially determined structural patterns and does not refer to any individual’s mental or emotional desires. In this technical use of the word, preference is an observed pattern in talk and not a personal wish.

18. Oh-eh-I’d love to-but you see-I-I-I’m supposed to get my work finished-you know • Stumbling repetition • Hesitation marker • Token acceptance • Preface • The other’s understanding invoked (2) • account Come over for some coffe later!

20. Grantings are preferred seconds to requests; rejections are dispreferred seconds. • Preferreds are simple and immediate. • Dipreferreds are delayed and contain additional complex components.

21. ... preferred second part. Each particular first part is typically followed by a particular second part.

22. The overwhelming effect of dispreferred is that more time and more language are used than in a preferred. More language essentially represents more distance between the end of the first part and the end of the second part. • From a pragmatic point of perspective, the expression of a preferred (in response to an offer or invitation, for example) clearly represents closeness and quick connection.

23. Sure Could you .hh read another story .hh for me

24. From a social perspective, it is easy to see why participants in a conversation might try to avoid creating contexts for dispreferreds. • The best way to avoid a dispreferred second is not to get to the point where the a first part of the pair is uttered. • It must follow, then, that conversations between those who are close familiars will tend to have fewer elaborate dispreferreds than those who are still working out their social relationship. The amount of talk employed to accomplish a particular social action in conversation is a pragmatic indicator of the relative distance between the participants.

25. Example to Analyze A- Uh if you'd care to come over and visit a little while this morning I'll give you a cup of coffee. B- hehh Well that's awfully sweet of you, I don't think I can make it this morning.hh uhm I'm running an ad in the paper and-and uh I have to (From Atkinson and Drew, 1979: 58)