Individual sports differences

1. Individual sports differences

2. What is psychology? • New science – less than 120 years old • Goal: predict and modify human behavior • SPORT PSYCHOLOGY – • Research, create and evaluate knowledge and sports • Improve human performance and health

3. Applications of sport psychology Can be used to improve performance at all levels, (novice to advanced) in order to reach potential. Can be used to guide individuals in exercise as a method of helping cope, reduce stress, assist in dealing with illness

4. APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY • Made up of numerous “theories” • Many theories are accepted and endorsed, but keep in mind EVERYONE is unique. • TEST before you TRY: psychologist needs to understand what factors are influencing a performers personality before intervention can occur.

5. Mental Toughness • https://annejosephson.wordpress.com/2015/01/29/you-are-what-you-think-10-tips-to-mental-toughness-at-meets/

6. personality • The relatively stable and enduring aspects of individuals which distinguish them from other people. • Make us unique • Allow us to “compare to other people” • Enable us to predict behavior • Child with parents rules • Coach with rules – school with rules

7. Understand mental illness • Bipolar • Manic depression • Schizophrenia • Addictive/obsessive compulsive

8. Goal of sport psychology • Determine what traits will encourage elite performance. Eysenck’s - extrovert personality Questionnaire. (EPQ) Cattell’s five factor model (used to measure traits)

9. Be able to identify theories of personality that have the potential to deepen our understanding of human performance • Problem: studies are constantly being created to determine the question does a general personality factor (and instruments used to measure the) are not sensitive to the more subtle differences that determine sport performance.

10. Biggest Challenge now:Is personality a significant factor in sport performance?

11. Wonderlic personality testhttp://www.delducasports.com/assets/files/Sample-Wonderlic-Test-Questions-Answers.pdf 1. A physical education class has three times as many girls as boys. During a class basketball game, the girls average 18 points each, and the class as a whole averages 17 points per person. How many points does each boy score on average? 2. Randolph has 8 ties, 6 pairs of pants, and 4 dress shirts. How many days could he possibly go without wearing the same combination of these three items? 3. John is a mechanic. He makes $8.50 an hour, plus $3 extra for every oil change he performs. Last week he worked 36 hours and performed 17 oil changes. How much money did he make? 4. A box of staples has a length of 6 cm, a width of 7 cm, and a volume of 378 cm cubed. What is the height of the box? 5. What is the average of all of the integers from 13 to 37? 6. A basketball player averaged 20 points a game over the course of six games. His scores in five of those games were 23, 18, 16, 24, and 27. How many points did he score in the sixth game? 7. Arnold is about to go on a 500-mile car trip. His mechanic recommends that he buy a special highway engine oil that will save him 50 cents in gas for every 25 miles of the trip. This new oil, however, will cost $20. Is it worthwhile for Arnold to buy the oil if he has a coupon for $4 dollars off the price? 8. If three inches of rope cost 7 cents, how much would 2 feet of rope cost? 9. What is the next number in the sequence: 5, 10, 20, 40,...? 10. What is the next number in the sequence: 3, 8, 18, 38...?

12. 11. What is the next number in the sequence: 5, 9, 17,33,...? 12. What is the next number in the sequence: 9, 3, 1, 1/3,...? 13. What is the next number in the sequence: 24, 12, 6, 3...? 14. Which of the following numbers represents the greatest amount: 6, 6.0, 0.600, 60? 15. Which of the following numbers represents the smallest amount: 0.400, 0.04, 4.0, 40? 16. Which of the following numbers represents the smallest amount: 3.26, 0.54, 89.00,0.09? 17. Which of the following numbers represents the smallest amount: 3899, 629, 89001, 9867? 18. CREDIT CREDENCE. These words: A: Have similar meanings. B: Have opposite meanings. C: Have neither similar nor opposite meanings. 19. VINTAGE NOVELTY. These words: • A: Have similar meanings. B: Have opposite meanings. C: Have neither similar nor opposite meanings. 20. ASPIRE SPIRE. These words: • A: Have similar meanings. B: Have opposite meanings. C: Have neither similar nor opposite meanings.

13. 21. PRODUCE REDUCE. These words: • A: Have similar meanings. B: Have opposite meanings. C: Have neither similar nor opposite meanings. 22. ABSTAIN RETAIN. These words: • A: Have similar meanings. B: Have opposite meanings. C: Have neither similar nor opposite meanings. 23. CONVERT INVERT. These words: • A: Have similar meanings. B: Have opposite meanings. C: Have neither similar nor opposite meanings. 24. RESUME ASSUME. These words: • A: Have similar meanings. B: Have opposite meanings. C: Have neither similar nor opposite meanings. 25. SIEGE BESIEGE .These words: • A: Have similar meanings. B: Have opposite meanings. C: Have neither similar nor opposite meanings. 26. PUNISH SKIRMISH. These words: • A: Have similar meanings. B: Have opposite meanings. C: Have neither similar nor opposite meanings. 27. CANDOR CONDOR. These words: • A: Have similar meanings. B: Have opposite meanings. C: Have neither similar nor opposite meanings

14. ANSWERS 1. Answer: 14. Since the class has three times as many girls as boys, the class is composed of 75% girls and 25% boys. To find the number of points each boy scores on average, we solve the following equation: 0.75*18 + 0.25*X = 17, where X is the number of points each boy scores on average. Solving for X gives X = 14, so the boys average 14 points per game. 2. Answer: 192 days. There are 48 different combinations of ties and shirts (8 different ties for each of the 6 pairs of pants), and then four different shirts for each of these combinations. In numerical form: 8 x 6 x 4 = 192. 3. Answer: $357. John's base wage can be figured by multiplying his pay per hour by the number of hours he worked: $8.50 x 36 = 306. His bonus for oil changes is calculated by multiplying the payment per oil change by the number of oil changes performed: 17 x 3 = 51. These two products can then be added together. 4. Answer: 9 cm. Volume is calculated as the product of length, width, and height, so if height is set as Y: 6 x 7 x Y = 378. This can be rearranged to 378 / 42 = Y = 9. 5. Answer: 25. This kind of problem can be easily solved by simply finding the average of the two extremes in the range: (13 + 37) / 2 = 25. 6. Answer: 12 points. 7. Answer: No. Arnold will only save $10 by using the oil (.5 x (500 / 25)), and this is still $6 less

15. 8. Answer: 56 cents. First, divide the number of inches in 2 feet (24) by 3;then, multiply this number (8) by the price of 3 inches of rope: 8 x 7 = 56 9. Answer: 80.The next number is found by multiplying the previous number by 2. 10. Answer: 78.The next number is taken by adding one to each number and then multiplying this sum by 2. 11. Answer: 65. The next number is found by multiplyingthe number by 2 and then subtracting one from theproduct. 12. Answer: 1/9. 13. Answer: 1.5. The next number is found by dividing each number by 2. 14. Answer: 60.Be sure to identify the position of the decimal point. 15. Answer: 0.04. Be sure to identify the position of the decimal point.

16. 16. Answer: 0.09. It may be helpful to say the numbers out loud: "9 hundredths" is clearly smaller than "54 hundredths." 17. Answer: 629. Make sure to note the number of place values rather than simply looking at the value of the first digit in the number. 18. Answer: A, Have similar meanings. Both credit and credence can refer to a belief in the truth of something. 19. Answer: B, Have opposite meanings. Vintage refers to something old, while novelty refers to something new. 20. Answer: C, Have neither the same nor different meanings. To aspire to something is to set it as a goal, while a spire is the pointed top of a building, especially a church. 21. Answer: B, Have opposite meanings. To produce something is to bring it into existence, while to reduce it is to take part of it out of existence. 22. Answer: B, Have opposite meanings. To abstain from something is to refuse it, while to retain something is to keep it with oneself. 23. Answer: A, Have similar meanings. Both of these words can mean to change the purpose or direction of something. 24. Answer: C, Have neither similar nor opposite meanings. 25. Answer: A, Have similar meanings. Both of these words can mean to attack or crowd around. 26. Answer: C, Have neither similar nor opposite meanings. To punish is to penalize, while a skirmish is a small fight. 27. Answer: C, Have neither similar nor opposite meanings. Candor is fairness and openness in expression, while a condor is a kind of bird

17. Evaluation – why take/use this test • measuring a person’s knowledge, skills, abilities and personality, you can quickly and easily gain insight into how they might perform: • Wonderlic Cognitive Ability assessments measure a candidate's ability to learn, adapt, solve problems and understand instructions. • Wonderlic Skills tests measure math, English, typing, data entry, office software proficiency and more. • Wonderlic Behavioral Reliability assessments predict a candidate’s likelihood of engaging in counterproductive behavior.

18. The test is a sort of IQ test used to measure players' aptitude for learning and problem solving. • The possible score range is 1 to 50. • The average football player scores around 20 points. • scoring at least 10 points suggests a person is literate

19. There are few tests more inconclusive for indication of future success in the NFL than the wonderlic score • It does however, give you a decent idea of the intellectual capacity of the players. Many of you may be wondering what exactly a ‘wonderlic score’ is. In short, it’s an IQ test of sorts for incoming players into the NFL. Regardless of its history and confusing role in the NFL, the league continues to measure its prospective players’ intelligence for purposes of. . . well, knowing how smart they are. • Truthfully it does play a role in a prospective team’s evaluation of future players. How could it not? Intelligence is one of the most valued qualities in humanity. And the NFL can bring complex challenges at times, whether they be mental, psychological, or of course, physical. • Some indications of how misleading the wonderlic score may be are as such: Dan Marino, a QB, had a hall of fame career, scored a 15 out of 50 on the wonderlic test. Conversely, QB’s Ryan Fitzpatrick and Greg McElroy both scored a whopping 48 out of 50, the second highest score ever. Both of them were decidedly so-so on the field. The highest wonderlic score in history is held by linebacker Mike Mamula with a 49, who was drafted by the Eagles in 1995. lowest score recorded is a 4 (three different athletes)

20. Interactionist View of psychology • Our personalities are developed through a constant interaction between the person and their environment • View of personality holds that the individuals experiences cannot be understood if personal and situational factors are seperated. (you are who you are based on ALL influences in your life)

21. Types of personality traits • Emergenic: identical twins share these traits, but they do not run in families. (mental illness, aspect of leadership skills, genius) – combination of several genes interacting together to form a trait. • Epigenesis: study of why and how genes interact with the environment and as result shape human behavior (nature vs nurture)