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Structure of An Atom Notes

Structure of An Atom Notes. 6 Elements that are needed for living things ____________ ____________ = 96% of the Human Body. CHNOPS. CHNO. Atoms = ________________________ ________________________ = has all the characteristics of that element

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Structure of An Atom Notes

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  1. Structure of An Atom Notes

  2. 6 Elements that are needed for living things ____________ • ____________ = 96% of the Human Body CHNOPS CHNO

  3. Atoms = ________________________ ________________________ = has all the characteristics of that element = ________________________ ________________________ smallest particle of an element basic building block of all matter

  4. e- NUCLEUS e- e- e- e- e- e- ELECTRONS negative(e-) e- e- Electron cloud PROTONS positive (p+) Neutrons neutral (n°)

  5. All nuclei are _________ because of the ________. • Each element has a different number of _________ positive protons protons

  6. e- e- e- e- e- e- e- NUCLEUS e- Energy Levels Energy Levels e- e- 2 8 18

  7. e- e- e- e- e- e- NUCLEUS e- e- Energy Levels Example: Oxygen = 8 e- 2 6

  8. Atomic Number 8 15.9994 Atomic Weight • The # of p+ in nucleus • Determines which element an atom is O = the total # of particles an atom

  9. 8 15.9994 + = Number of n° Number of p+ MASS NUMBER Atomic Number O Atomic Weight then if you ROUND You will get the… Mass Number = the sum of p+ and n° Number of Neutrons = Mass # - Atomic #

  10. 8 15.9994 O What’s an isotope? So, why is this a decimal? It is an average of all the isotopes!

  11. The Nuclei of 3 isotopes of H+ TRITIUM DEUTERIUM PROTIUM + + + 1 PROTON 1 PROTON 1 NEUTRON 1 PROTON 2 NEUTRONS Definition of isotope Atoms that have the same # of p+ but different # of n°

  12. Substance with atoms of 2 or more elements that are chemically combined Compounds = • Example of Compounds: • H2O • CO2 • NaCl • C6H12O6 • HCl • NH4

  13. e- e- e- e- e- e- e- NUCLEUS e- Atoms come together when the result is more ________ than the individual atoms stable If electron levels are filled to capacity then it is STABLE e- e- 2 8 18

  14. How do they fill energy levels? • 1) BY SHARING ELECTRONS • 2) BY GAINING OR LOSING ELECTRONS

  15. Method One: sharing electronsExample: Hydrogen e- H e- H H e- unstable sharing electrons is called "covalent bonding"

  16. H H O Another example: H20 = water stable & happy!

  17. Examples of Molecules with Covalent Bonding: • sugars, fats, proteins, & water • “MOLECULE” = group of atoms held together by a covalent bond

  18. Method Two: gaining or losing electrons • An atom (or group of atoms) that gains or loses electrons = ION = (charged particle) If I gain an electron then I will become more negative If I lose a negative electron then I will become more positive

  19. 11 e- 11 p+ 17 e- 17 p+ Cl Na Na Cl + unstable unstable

  20. stable Na Cl ionic bond Ionic bond = attractive force between 2 ions of opposite charge

  21. MIXTURE Combination of substances in which the individual components retain their own properties Can be separated Ex: chex mix SOLUTION Mixture in which 1 or more substances (solutes) are distributed evenly in another substance (solvent) Ex: Jello Difference between a mixture & a solution

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