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The Structure of an Atom

The Structure of an Atom. I. Three Main Parts to the Atom. Nucleus 1) Protons a. Positive Charge (+) b. # of Protons = Atomic Number 2) Neutrons a. No charge (neutral) b. # Neutrons = Atomic Mass minus the Atomic Number. B. Electrons 1) Negative Charge (-)

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The Structure of an Atom

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  1. The Structure of an Atom

  2. I. Three Main Parts to the Atom • Nucleus 1) Protons a. Positive Charge (+) b. # of Protons = Atomic Number 2) Neutrons a. No charge (neutral) b. # Neutrons = Atomic Mass minus the Atomic Number

  3. B. Electrons 1) Negative Charge (-) 2) # Electrons = # Protons = Atomic # General Rules about Electrons 1. The electrons “live” in different energy levels around the nucleus 2. An energy level “shell” must be filled before adding another energy level.

  4. a) 1st Energy Level (Closest to the nucleus) can only have 2 electrons b) 2nd Energy Level = Maximum of 8 electrons c) 3rd Energy Level 1. If the 3rd shell is the outer shell then 8 electrons maximum.

  5. 2. If the 3rd shell is not the outer shell then it must have at least 8 electrons but not more than 18 electrons. 3. 4th Energy Level If the 4th shell is the outer shell then 8 electrons maximum.

  6. 3) Valence Electrons: The number of electrons in the outer energy level. These electrons are used in chemical bonds. The End

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