1 / 10

Structure of an Atom

Structure of an Atom. What Is an Atom?. An atom is often referred to as the building block of matter. Atoms have a nucleus surrounded by an electron cloud Atoms are composed of smaller subatomic particles in an atom. The proton , neutron , and electron .

brody-wyatt
Download Presentation

Structure of an Atom

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Structure of an Atom

  2. What Is an Atom? • An atom is often referred to as the building block of matter. Atoms have a nucleus surrounded by an electron cloud • Atoms are composed ofsmaller subatomicparticles in an atom. The proton, neutron, and electron. • Each element is composed of one type of atom and can not be broken down into a simpler substance

  3. Inner Structure of an Atom • Nucleus- Small, dense, positively charged center of the atom which contains most of the atom’s mass • The nucleus contains subatomic particles that have certain characteristics: • Protons (p+)- positively charged particles in the nucleus of the atom, contribute to the atom’s mass • Neutrons (no)- particles in the nucleus that have no charge, but contribute to the atom’s mass NEUTRAL

  4. Outer Structure of an Atom • Electron cloud - an area encircling the nucleus where electrons are likely to be found • The cloud contains energy levels • electrons (e-)arenegatively charged particles located in specific energy levels • energy levels completely surround the nucleus • there is a specific order for the electrons to fill the energy levels

  5. Outer Structure of an Atom • Energy levels completely surround the nucleus Maximum of 2 electrons Maximum of 50 electrons Maximum of 8 electrons Nucleus Maximum of 18 electrons Maximum of 32 electrons

  6. Outer Structure of an Atom • valence electrons are in the outermost energy level and are the electrons involved in bonding • valenceelectrons determine the number of bonds an atom can form • an atom is most stable when its outermost energy level is full

  7. Atom Characteristics • The number of protons in the nucleus is the atomic number of that atom. • The number of protons (+) equals the number of electrons (-) in a neutral atom • The mass number is the mass of the protons plus the mass of the neutrons • mass is reported in the SI units atomic mass units (amu) • Protons and neutrons each are given an amu of 1 • Electrons have a mass of nearly zero

  8. Decoding Atom Information # of protons 6 C Symbol carbon Name Atomic mass 12.011

  9. Decoding Atom Information: # of protons = # of electrons in a neutral atom 6 C Atomic mass is a weighted average of all the isotopes of an element carbon 12.011

  10. The mass number of an atom is for a particular isotope of that element • Mass number is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus • Example for C-12: • 6 protons + 6 neutrons= 12 • 12 is the mass number for Carbon-12 *13 is the mass number for Carbon-13 and comes from C-13 having 6 protons and 7 neutrons

More Related