International Cooperation for Rehabilitation & Inclusion Kim, Hyung Shik, Ph.D.

1. InternationalCooperation for Rehabilitation & Inclusion Kim, Hyung Shik, Ph.D. Korean Society for Rehabilitation of Persons with Disabilities hskim924@hanmail.net

2. Major Themes International Cooperation-A spurned dimension in the Long history of development assistance The Reality of the Situation-the Focus on Developing Nations Changing Trends in International Cooperation MDGs, CRPD & Disability Inclusive Development A Korean Experience Towards Developing a Model for International Cooperation in Rehabilitation & Inclusion

3. GlobalSituations of Persons with Disabilities The Poor of the World – 20% are persons with disabilities who make up the largest group chronically excluded from society (World Bank) MDGs: Of the 500m poorest in the world, 100m persons with disabilities are the ‘poorest of poor’ 80% of650 millionpersonswith disabilitiesare in developing countries, and 2/3 in Asia-Pacific region The numbers are increasing due to ageing, diseases, malnutrition, military conflict, HIV/AIDS, accidents etc. 50% of disabilities are preventable and closely linked to poverty Each year, more than 10m women become disabled and suffer from chronic diseases related to pregnancy and birth.. Home ownership, assets, exercising rights –victims trapped by poverty..

4. Decent Work Issues (1) Exclusion from education and training Lower rates of labour force participation In Hungary, only 12.8 % of disabled people are in the workforce compared to 66.7% for nondisabled people (Eurostat 2002). In Korea, only 38.2 % of disabled people are in the workforce compared to 61.9% for nondisabled people (Korea MOL 2007). UNESCO estimates only 10% of children with disabilities attend school in developing countries (2006). Less than 3 % of persons with disabilities in Viet Nam have received skills training (2006).

5. Decent Work Issues (2) Lower wages Informal economy and poverty More likely to be in jobs in the informal economy which lack protection and benefits More likely to be poor: In Bolivia, 66% of disabled persons are below the poverty line (INE Bolivia 2001) In the US, persons with disabilities on average make $6,500 less annually than their non- disabled counterparts (Erikson et al. 2008) In Korea average annual earning for disabled workers in $18,888 compared to $28,800 for non-disabled persons (Korea MOL 2007). How International Co-operation can bring about changes?

6. International Cooperation in Rehab and Inclusion International Cooperation has neglected the nexus between poverty and disability Disability poverty-a core development issue UN Human Rights treaties, such as ICCR, CESECR,CERD, CEDAW, CAT, CRC and CRMW recognize disability, yet “right” and “develop-ment” are not integrated Disability Inclusive Development as a process to ensure that all marginalized or excluded groups to benefit from development by including them in the development efforts

7. Article 32, Convention on the Rights of Persons with DisabilitiesArticle 32 (2) ensures that international cooperation, including international development programs, is inclusive of and accessible to persons with disabilities. • As a human rights instrument with an explicit social development dimension, the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities is both a human rights treaty and a development tool. The convention identifies disability as an issue to be considered in all programming, rather than as a stand-alone thematic issue, and requires all State Parties to implement measures ensuring full and equal partnership of persons with disabilities A/63/133 Implementation of the outcome of the World Summit for Social Development and the 24th special session of the General Assembly/ para 61

8. International Trends in Disability Inclusive Development (DID) UK’s DFID Department For International Development Renewed policy focus upon DID, poverty elimination and pursuit of equality for persons with disabilities Six reasons for mainstreaming disability in development Objectives of MDGs cannot be achieved without DID. 400 million persons with disabilities live with less than $1 in d.c. Disability causes family poverty and negatively influence the economy. Disability is an issue of human rights. Pursuit of disability equality is UK Governtnment’s core policy supports the UNCRPD.

9. International Trends in Disability Inclusive Development (DID) • European Union • USAID • GTZ • Finish Agency for Development • AusAid • NZAID • JIKA • OECD/DAC • Korea?

10. Past Records of the Performance • 1. Aid Fatigue • 2. Development Fatigue • 3. Donor Fatigue • 4. Compassion Fatigue

11. Four Elements in International Cooperation for Rehab & inclusion 1. Technology/Software Transfer, Not Hardware Installation 2. Resources for Cooperation : Rehab soft-wares, Development Agencies, Partnerships with NGO, DPO & Enterprises 3. Basic Strategies: Right-based, CBR, Social Enterprises, Capacity investment 4. Expected outcomes: Capacity building, Empowerment, Disability Rights, Equality & Inclusion. -

12. The Korea’s Experiences of Overcoming Disability Poverty & Social Exclusion -A history of receiving foreign aid for 40 years since 1950.US $12.7billion in foreign aid during 1945-1980. -Foreign aid amounted to 8% of GNP during 1953-1962, or 80% of total investment - The high level of foreign assistance for a decade after the war probably accounted for the ‘difference’ between some 1.5 per cent growth per annum and no growth in per capita income -Emergence of Korea as a ‘donor’ nation (Membership, OECD/DAC Nov. 2010

13. Strategies Not for, but With the People with Disabilities! • -Resist the charitable, top down & outcome oriented approach that deprive persons with disabilities the opportunities for self-determination, discussion, consultation and participation. • Bottom-up process that stresses inclusiveness, ownership, and accountability • Rights-Based approaches • TechnologyTransfers & Technical Assistance • Back to CBR and Inclusion • Capacity building of persons with disabilities

14. Mitlin et al. (2005) has stated: : NGOs exist as alternatives. In being ‘not governmental’ they constitute vehicles for people to participate in development and social change in ways that would not be possible through government programmes. In being ‘not governmental ’they constitute a ‘space’ in which it is possible to think about development and social change in ways that would not be likely through government programmes…they constitute instruments for turning these alternative ideas into, alternatives forms of participation, into alternative practices and hard outcomes (As quoted by Lewis, 2007): ‘ Int’l Co. for Rehab & Inclusion Transfer Rehab. Values & Technologies Basic Strategies Resources for Cooperation in Rehab. Outcomes Rights-Based Psychological/Emotional Support War, poverty, exlclusion Capacity Building Empowerment Inclusion Rehab. Soft-wares & Good Practices Soft-ware Transfers Disability Rights Gov’t, ODA, PPP,DPO, INGOs Equality & Social Inclusion Social Enterprises • A Model for Int’l Rehab & Inclusion