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Physics of the Earth and planetary interiors

Physics of the Earth and planetary interiors. EPS 122 – Spring 2014 M –W 11.00-12.30 McCone 325. Instructor: Barbara Romanowicz Office hours: Mon-Wed 2-3 pm or appointment Office: 291 McCone Hall. Earth has an atmosphere and water. Earth has plate tectonics.

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Physics of the Earth and planetary interiors

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  1. Physics of the Earth and planetary interiors EPS 122 – Spring 2014 M –W 11.00-12.30 McCone 325 Instructor: Barbara Romanowicz Office hours: Mon-Wed 2-3 pm or appointment Office: 291 McCone Hall

  2. Earth has an atmosphere and water Earth has plate tectonics

  3. ….which protects us from cosmic radiations Earth has an internally generated magnetic field sil Silicate mantle (solid) Liquid outer core Solid inner core

  4. Haiti, 12 Janvier 2010 M 7.0 Japan 12 Marchs 2011 M 9 Chili, 27 Février 2010, M 8.8

  5. Plate tectonics

  6. Japan, 2011 Haiti, 2010 Sumatra, 2004 Chile, 2010 New. Zealand 2010,2011

  7. Elastic rebound theory After the earthquake Time scale: seconds -> minutes Before the earthquake Time scale ~100 years Initially North American Plate San Andreas Fault Pacific Plate San Francisco 1906

  8. Time scale Seconds-> minutes San Andreas Fault - Carrizo Plain Time scale: Millions, tens of millions of years San Francisco 1906

  9. Athanasius Kircher – (1664) Mundus subterraneus

  10. Le Pichon and Heirtzler, 1968

  11. Hotspots and plumes Morgan, 1971

  12. Depth (km) Courtesy of CinziaFarnetani Temperature (oC)

  13. Kola 1970-1989 -12,262 m Photographed in 2007

  14. Understanding the Earth’s Interior structure, dynamics and evolution Anchored in observations at the Earth’s surface and remote sensing using satellites Geomagnetism Geochemistry/cosmochemistry

  15. Silicates Alliage de Fer

  16. Colder hotter Slices through the Earth’s mantle at different depths

  17. 05 11 Honshu 06 12 410 410 660 660 ±1.5 % 1000 07 ±1.5 % 13 13 northern Bonin 08 14 09 15 15

  18. Colder hotter Colder hotter Slices through the Earth’s mantle at different depths

  19. One layer convection “Abyssal Layer” Convection à “2 couches” after Albarède et Van der Hilst, 1999

  20. Surface and remote sensing observations • Geodesy: • Gravity field-> density and viscosity • Surface deformation -> tectonics • Seismology: • Elastic and anelastic internal structure • Heat flow: • Thermal structure • Geochemistry/cosmochemistry: • Thermal evolution/differentiation/composition • Magnetic field: • Processes in the earth’s core

  21. Laboratory experiments and theoretical computations • Mineral physics • behavior of rocks as a function of temperature (T) and pressure (P) (crystal structure and deformation properties) • Composition of earth’s interior • Geodynamics • Integrate knowledge from other disciplines (min. phys, seismology, geochemistry) • Experimental and theoretical simulations of convection

  22. Current trends in geosciences • Integration effort between the different disciplines which contribute to the knowledge of the internal structure and dynamics: • Cooperative Institute for Dynamic Earth Research (CIDER): “Blind men and the elephant”

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