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The World Before War

The World Before War. 1919 - 1939. Totalitarianism. Government that takes total, centralized, state control over every aspect of public and private life. Dynamic Leader. Unites people Symbolizes govt. Encourages popular support through force. Ideology. Sets and glorifies state goals

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The World Before War

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  1. The World Before War 1919 - 1939

  2. Totalitarianism • Government that takes total, centralized, state control over every aspect of public and private life

  3. Dynamic Leader • Unites people • Symbolizes govt. • Encourages popular support through force

  4. Ideology • Sets and glorifies state goals • Justifies govt actions

  5. State Control of Individuals • Controls EVERYTHING  Business, labor, housing, education, religion, the arts, etc.

  6. Methods of Enforcement • Terror • Censorship • Persecution

  7. Use of Technology • Mass communication • Advanced weaponry

  8. Totalitarian Rulers in the 2oth Century • Adolf Hitler • Benito Mussolini • Joseph Stalin • Kim Il Sung • Saddam Hussein

  9. The Rise of Mussolini

  10. Italy’s Conditions After WWI • Had fought w/Allies but didn’t get all they were promised • Huge war debts • No markets to sell goods

  11. Mussolini’s Background • 1883: Born to a working class family • 1919: Formed the Fascist party • Facism: • Totalitarian system of government • Defended private property and class structure • Cause of nation advanced at all costs

  12. 1920: Began to campaign for power • 1921: Mussolini’s followers, Blackshirts, physically attacked political opponents and drove elected officials from office • Democratic govt did nothing to stop them

  13. 1922: Fascists stages March on Rome to protest • King Victor Emmanuel III named Mussolini Prime Minister • 1924: Blackshirts ensured Italians voted for Fascist candidates • Mussolini began calling himself “Il Duce” – “the leader” • Banned non-Fascist parties • Fascists arrested, assaulted or murdered anyone who voted against them

  14. Mussolini’s Accomplishments • Brought order to Italy • Built up armed forces • Solved unemployment problem • Rekindled patriotism

  15. The Rise of Adolf Hitler

  16. 1889: Born in Austria 1913: Rejected by Austrian army 1914: Joined WWI w/German army 1918: Received military award 1919: Joined German’s Workers’ Party = future Nazi party

  17. 1920: Put in charge of Nazi propaganda 1923: Beer Hall Putsch • Tried to seize power of govt. • Sent to prison • Wrote Mein Kampf = “My Struggle”

  18. 1933: President Hindenberg invited Hitler to be Chancellor • Nazis got 44% of vote in the next election 1934: Hindenberg died • Govt. combined Chancellorship and Presidency • Hitler became der Fuhrer = “the leader”

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