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WORLD WAR I: The Great War

WORLD WAR I: The Great War. “THE WAR TO END ALL WARS”. THE STAGE IS SET:. 1843-1907 Series of Peace Conferences. Europeans try to outlaw war as a way to preserve the peace. 4 LONG TERM CAUSES :. 1. NATIONALISM 2. IMPERIALISM 3. MILITARISM 4. ALLIANCE SYSTEMS.

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WORLD WAR I: The Great War

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  1. WORLD WAR I: The Great War “THE WAR TO END ALL WARS”

  2. THE STAGE IS SET: • 1843-1907 Series of Peace Conferences. • Europeans try to outlaw war as a way to preserve the peace.

  3. 4 LONG TERM CAUSES : • 1. NATIONALISM • 2. IMPERIALISM • 3. MILITARISM • 4. ALLIANCE SYSTEMS

  4. NATIONALISM: “Greeks want to be ruled by Greeks” • A deep devotion to ones nation. The desire to form independent Nation-States. • Slavic Nationalism- Pan-Slavism: the slavic people should unite as a single nation. To be called “Yugo-Slavia” • A direct threat to Aust-Hung. Serbia supports the idea. Russia supports Serbia. “Still looking for a warm water port”

  5. NATIONALISM: • France- lost portion of territory to Germany in the Franco-Prussian war called Alsace-Lorraine. Increases French Nationalism • The Balkans: Many nations of people being controlled by Ottomans, Austrians, and Russians.

  6. IMPERIALISM: • The quest for colonies: Leads to intense competition between European Powers. • Lead to rivalries and mistrust. • Examples: GB vs Fr: confrontation over Egypt and The Sudan • Ger vs. GB: Germans had built a Berlin to Baghdad railroad! Also angered the Russians. • Russia supports Serbian Independence in opposition of Aust-Hung.

  7. NATIONS AT ODD: • European Powers and their Goals: • Gr. Brit: maintain their empire. Make sure no nation is strong enough to attack them. • France: wanted to add Morocco to their empire. • Ger: gain control of Ottoman Emp. (oil) • Aust-Hung: gain access through Balkans to Aegean Sea. • Russia: Take control of Bosporus and Dardanelles to gain access to Black Sea.

  8. MILITARISM: The First Arms Race. • The glorification of war and the military. Nation-States compare arsenals and military spending. • The feel the need to keep up or be engulfed by their rivals. • Begin a Conscription: A mandatory military service. • Purpose is to have a large standing peace time army, just in case they need to mobilize for war. • Also drove the need to have allies. • The Great White Fleet: Teddy Roosevelt sent 6 US warships to major world ports to show off the US Naval strength.

  9. ALLIANCE SYSTEM:I’ve got your back! • Many agreements were made between the great powers. • They felt the alliances would help prevent war.

  10. THE TRIPLE ALLIANCE: • Created in 1882. • Crafted by Bismarck. • Wanted to isolate France. • Included: • Germany • Austria-Hungary • Italy

  11. THE TRIPLE ENTENTE: • Created in 1907. • An agreement not to fight each other. • Established a rival to the Triple Alliance. • Included: • Great Britain • France • Russia

  12. KAISER WILHELM II Fired Bismarck to assert his power. Weakened Ger. Position by allowing treaty with Russia to expire. He now had enemies on both sides of Ger.

  13. THE POWDER KEG: • Europe had been at peace for almost 100 yrs. Following the Congress of Vienna. • Soon, Nationalism, Imperialism, Militarism, and the Alliance System would be ignited into a conflict that was unimaginable to all parties involved. • All of Europe on edge by the summer of 1914. All that was needed was a spark to light the fuse. • Serbian Nationalist would provide just that.

  14. THE BALKANS: • A series of wars had been fought in the Balkans. A/H looking to maintain control over their slavic territory. As a result, A/H annexed Bosnia-Herzegovina. • Serbs were living in Bosnia, creating a bitter divide between Serbia and A/H. • Serbia looks to Russia for support and possible protection.

  15. June 28th, 1914. Ferdinand and his wife visit the city of Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia. He is there to mend relations between A/H and the people. He is the heir to the thrown of A/H His wife Sofia is with him. THE DEATH OF AN ARCH-DUKE: FRANZ FERDINAND

  16. THE UNION OF DEATH:BLACK HAND • A Serbian Nationalist Group. • Goal is a united Serbia, with all Serbs under a single government.

  17. THE SHOT HEARD ‘ROUND THE WORLD • 7 conspirators align themselves down the road the Archduke and his wife will be riding. • They ride in an open car. As they travel, a small bomb explodes, but misses the car. The other terrorist get cold feet and flee the scene. • After giving a speech, an all clear is given, he and his wife and driver head to a hotel. • The driver take a wrong turn where Princip finds them and fires two shots: one to the Archduke the other into his wife killing both.

  18. THE ALLIANCES KICK IN: • A/H outraged over killings. They blame the independent Serbia. • Serbia is supported by Russia. A/H supported by Ger. • A/H give Serbia and Ultimatum: Allow A/H to suppress all nationalistic groups and lead the investigation into the killings. They give them 24 hrs. to decide. If not, they will invade. • July 23rd, Serbia can not meet demands and A/H mobilizes for war.

  19. THE WAR BEGINS: • Russia comes to the defense of Serbia, declares war on A/H. • Ger. Then declares war on Ger. Causing Fr. To agree to their alliance with Rus. • Eng. Hesitates until Ger. Invades neutral Belgium. • The war was meet with great cheer. • However, there was no clear war objectives.

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