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Early 19 th Century Art Romanticism and Realism and Neoclassicism

Early 19 th Century Art Romanticism and Realism and Neoclassicism. Romanticism. Romanticism is a complex artistic, literary, and intellectual movement that originated in the second half of the 18 th century in Western Europe.

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Early 19 th Century Art Romanticism and Realism and Neoclassicism

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  1. Early 19th Century ArtRomanticism and Realismand Neoclassicism

  2. Romanticism Romanticism is a complex artistic, literary, and intellectual movement that originated in the second half of the 18th century in Western Europe. In part, it was a revolt against aristocratic social and political norms of the Age of Enlightenment and a reaction against the scientific rationalization of nature, and was embodied most strongly in the visual arts, music, and literature. Stokstad notes that both Neoclasscism and Romanticism remained vital in early 19th century European and American art.

  3. Romanticism The movement validated strong emotion as an authentic source of aesthetic experience, placing new emphasis on such emotions as trepidation, terror, horror and awe—especially that which is experienced in confronting the sublimity of untamed nature and its picturesque qualities, both new aesthetic categories. In European painting, led by a new generation of the French school, the Romantic sensibility contrasted with the Neoclassicism being taught in the academies.

  4. How do we read the paintings that fall into this middle space between Neoclassicism and Romanticism? How should we describe them? What characteristics can we identify?

  5. War,History Painting,and Napoleon

  6. Jacques-Louis David • Napoleon Crossing the Saint Bernard • 1800-1801 • oil on canvas • What is written on the rocks in the lower left? • How did Napoleon actually cross the Alps? • What makes this image Neoclassical? • What makes this image suggestive of Romanticism? • How is the composition influenced by the Baroque? • How is the composition here profoundly different from the composition of The Oath of the Horatii(1784)?

  7. Jacques-Louis David The Oath of the Horatii 1784 Napoleon Crossing the Saint Bernard 1800-1801

  8. Jean-Auguste-Dominique IngresNapoleon I on the Imperial Throne1806oil on canvas Ingres’ teacher was David.

  9. Antoine-Jean GrosNapoleon in the Plague House at Jaffa1804 oil on canvas Gros’ teacher was David. This image is very emblematic of Romantic paintings.

  10. Antoine-Jean GrosThe Battle of Abukir1806 oil on canvas

  11. Antoine-Jean GrosNapoleon Bonaparte on the Battlefield of Eylau, 18071808 oil on canvas

  12. Eugene Delacroix Scenes from the Massacre at Chios1822-1824oil on canvas

  13. Goya Francisco de Goya Y LucientesThe Third of May, 1808: The Execution of the Defenders of Madrid1814oil on canvas

  14. Jacques-Louis DavidThe Death of Marat1793oil on canvas

  15. Goya Francisco de Goya Y LucientesChained Prisoner1806-12indian ink wash

  16. Goya Francisco de Goya Y LucientesFamily of Charles IV1800oil on canvas

  17. Las Meninas or The Family of Philip IVDiego Velázquez 1656-1657 oil on canvas

  18. Jean-Auguste-Dominique IngresMonsieur Bertin1832oil on canvas

  19. Jean-Auguste-Dominique IngresPrincess de Broglie1851-53oil on canvas

  20. Orientalism and Ingres Orientalism is a term used to identify works of art made by European artists which depict Middle Eastern subjects. Orientalism is widely used in art to refer to the works of the many Western 19th century artists, who specialized in "Oriental" subjects, often drawing on their travels to Western Asia and/or the Middle East. Edward Said (Orientalism, 1978) argues that European artists tend to essentialize their Middle Eastern subjects. To essentialize means to present a subject or a culture as monolithic or one-dimensional. To essentialize means to represent something in terms of what are believed to be its “essential” elements. Usually this sort of representation reveals more about the maker of the image than about the actual subject.

  21. Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres • Large Odalisque • oil on canvas • Why could we consider this work “mannerist?” • Why is this work exemplary of the style taught by the French Academy?

  22. Jean-Auguste-Dominique IngresThe Bather1808oil on canvas

  23. Jean-Auguste-DominiqueIngresThe Turkish Bath1862oil on canvas on wood

  24. Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres • Large Odalisque How are these two images similar? Jacques-Louis David Madame Récamier 1800

  25. Romantic and Realist Landscapes Question: What is the artist using the landscape to accomplish? How can the viewer tell? What visual evidence is there?

  26. RomanticismUsually Romantic works have dramatic and intensely emotional subject matter but Romantic landscapes also often also meant to convey the artist’s almost religious reverence for the landscape—which became increasingly important as a industrial revolution intensified. • Romantic landscape painting is • dramatic • the content emphasizes turbulent or fantastic natural scenery • disasters • the sublime (something that inspires awe) • naturalistic • the content represents tranquil nature • the content signals a religious reverence toward nature • Romantic painting is characterized by • fluid, loose brushwork • strong colors • complex compositions • powerful contrasts of light and dark • expressive poses and gestures

  27. Joseph Mallord William TurnerFisherman at Sea 1796 oil on canvas

  28. Joseph Mallord William TurnerSnow Storm: Hannibal and his Army Crossing the Alps1812 oil on canvas

  29. Joseph Mallord William TurnerPeace--Burial at Sea 1842 oil on canvas

  30. Caspar David Friedrich Monk by the Sea1809 oil on canvas He felt like many Romantics that “God was manifest in the landscape and that art was the ideal mediator between the divinity in nature and the individual” (Stokstad , 993).

  31. Poet on a Mountaintop Shen Zhou Ming dynasty, c.1500 leaf from an album

  32. Caspar David Friedrich The Abbey in the Oakwood1810 oil on canvas

  33. Thomas Cole The Oxbow 1836 Oil on canvas

  34. Thomas Cole The Oxbow (The Connecticut River near Northampton) 1836

  35. Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot Ville d'Avray 1867

  36. Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot The Bridge at Mantes 1868-70

  37. Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot Mill at Saint-Nicolas-les-Arras 1874

  38. Types of Paintings • religious images • portraits • history paintings • still lifes • genre* (scenes from every day life) • * Genre painting is a fairly new development at the end of the 16th century (1580’s).

  39. Religious Images GoyaThe Holy Family1780oil on canvas

  40. Portraits GoyaPortrait of the Duchess of Alba1797oil on canvas

  41. History Paintings Goya The Third of May, 1808: The Execution of the Defenders of Madrid1814 oil on canvas

  42. Still Lifes GoyaDead Birds1808oil on canvas

  43. Genre GoyaThe Snowstorm1786oil on canvas

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