1 / 19

Inclusions in gemstones: Gems in Gems

Inclusions in gemstones: Gems in Gems. Egor Gavrilenko Instituto Gemológico Español. Inclusions in gemstones: Gems in Gems. Introduction Types of inclusions Importance of inclusions: In Geology In Gemology Methods of inclusion’s studies The artistic side of inclusions: Photomicrography

agalia
Download Presentation

Inclusions in gemstones: Gems in Gems

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Inclusions in gemstones:Gems in Gems Egor Gavrilenko Instituto Gemológico Español

  2. Inclusions in gemstones:Gems in Gems • Introduction • Types of inclusions • Importance of inclusions: • In Geology • In Gemology • Methods of inclusion’s studies • The artistic side of inclusions: • Photomicrography • Special cuts and jewelry

  3. Introduction • Inclusions: Particles of other minerals or cavities found inside crystals, trapped during crystal’s growth or formed inside after the host mineral formation. • In gemology, are also considered mechanical inclusions (fissures, growth lines, etc.) and color zoning, described together as “internal characteristics” of gems.

  4. Introduction • Negative impact on quality of gemstones (Clarity) • Photos Anthony Cáceres

  5. Types of inclusions: By type of trapped material • Single phase: • Solid • Liquid • Gaseous • Two phases: • Liquid-vapor • Liquid-liquid • Liquid-solid • Solid-gaseous • Three phases… • Multiphase …. • Photo Juan S. Cózar

  6. Types of inclusions: By time of their formation • For solid inclusions • Protogenetic • Syngenetic • Epigenetic • For fluid inclusions • Primary • Secondary • Pseudo-secondary

  7. Applications in Geology • Sequence of mineral formation in mineral deposits • P-T conditions of mineral formation (fluid inclusions study, thermodynamic stability diagrams for syngenetic minerals) • Development of genetic models for mineral deposits (mineralization fluids origin, age, relation with magmatic and tectonic events, etc.).

  8. Importance for Gemology • Aesthetic importance • Importance for gem’s identification • Special collections

  9. Importance for Gemology • Aesthetic importance: • Color of some gems • Special phenomena: • Aventurescence • Chatoyancy • Asterism • Special gemological varieties • Photo Marco Campos Venuti • Photo Marco Campos Venuti

  10. Importance for Gemology • Importance for gem identification: • Type of gem • Natural or synthetic • Treatments • Geographic origin • Photo Juan S. Cózar • Photo José María Alonso • Photo José María Alonso

  11. Methods of inclusions studies • Microscopic observation + photomicrography • Electron microscopy + EDX or WDX (punctual) • X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (global) • Raman Spectroscopy (punctual or global) • FTIR Spectroscopy (punctual or global) • Fluid inclusions microthermometry

  12. Methods of inclusions studies • Microscopic observation + photomicrography • Electron microscopy + EDX or WDX (punctual) • X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (global) • Raman Spectroscopy (punctual or global) • FTIR Spectroscopy (punctual or global) • Fluid inclusions microthermometry

  13. Fluid inclusions microthermometry

  14. Emeralds from the Urals T = 350-450 oC, P = 2,5-3 kb,8 wt % NaCl H2Oliq - 70-80 vol % CO2liq ~ 5-7 vol % Vapor - 25-30 vol % TmCO2= -56.6-57.2Tmice= -3.8-6.8Tmclatr= 6.2-9.4Th(LV)CO2= 16-29Th(VL)liq  250-330

  15. The artistic side of inclusions • Photomicrography • Special cut gems to highlight the beauty of inclusions • Designer jewelry focused on gems with inclusions

  16. Special cut gems • John Bailey, www.gemstoneartist.com • “The Sword In the Stone” - quartz with single brookite inclusion • John Bailey, www.gemstoneartist.com • Red Hematite flake in Quartz. Flake oriented to give color to the gem. • Richard P. Homer, Gems by Design, Inc., Kent, OH, USA • 30.95 ct. rutilated Quartz with a single natural needle in the center. • AGTA Spectrum Awards Winners 2012 • Honorable Mention, Innovative Faceting • John Bailey, www.gemstoneartist.com • Quartz with phantom planes oriented to reflect as "angel wings" • John Bailey, www.gemstoneartist.com • Oregon Sunstone using copper schiller to highlight concave faceting

  17. Custom made jewelry • Quartzwithtourmalineneedles, cutbyMunsteiner, whitegoldpendantby Laura Márquez • White goldpendantwithquartzwithepidoteinclusions and greentourmalines, by Laura Márquez • White goldpendantwithrutilatedquartz and citrines, by Laura Márquez • Pendantwithrutilatedquartz in whitegold, by Laura Márquez • Goldneclacewithrutilatedquartz, by Xisco Clapés Triviño

  18. - Thanks for your attention -

More Related