Metabolism

1. Metabolism Carbohydrates 2005 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Higher Education 1

2. Glucose metabolism 2005 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Higher Education 2

3. glycogenolysis 2005 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Higher Education 3

4. glycolysis Glucose→2 Pyruvate 產生：2 ATP, 2 NADH + 2H+ Glucose→2 Lactate 產生：2 ATP 2005 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Higher Education 4

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6. Krebs cycle Glucose→2 Acetyl CoA→TCA cycle 產生24 ATP 2005 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Higher Education 6

7. Glucose aerobic metabolism 1 Glucose→2 pyruvate (2ATP) → Bisphosphoglycerate cycle (4~6 ATP) →2 Acetyl CoA (6 ATP) →TCA cycle (24 ATP) 產生36~38個ATP 2005 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Higher Education 7

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11. Triacylglycerol digestion 2005 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Higher Education 11

12. Triacylglycerol digestion 膳食脂肪 ↓胃脂解酶(水解乳糜化脂肪)，十二指腸中(CCK刺激膽汁分泌)。 乳糜化脂肪 ↓胰脂解酶，腸脂解酶 FFA, monoacylglycerol, diacylglycerol ↓bile salt Micelle (含FFA, monoacylglycerol, diacylglycerol) ↓在小腸黏膜吸收(小於十二碳的脂肪酸進入門靜脈循環) 再合成triacylglycerol ↓apoprotein, phospholipid, cholesterol, FFA, TG混合 乳糜微粒(chylomicron) ↓ 淋巴或血液循環 2005 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Higher Education 12

13. 2005 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Higher Education 13 Fig. 2-14, p. 43

14. Lumen of small intestine Bile from liver Enterocyte Pancreatic lipase Fatty acids 2 fatty acids Triacylglycerol + 2-monoacylglycerol 2-monoacylglycerol or Triacylglycerol synthesis Phospholipid Micelle Lymphatic system lacteal Protein Cholesterol Cholesterol 3 fatty acids Phospholipids + Chylomicron Blood capillary Glycerol 2005 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Higher Education 14 Fig. 2-15, p. 43

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16. Important Enzymes • LPL：脂蛋白脂解酶(lipoprotein lipase)，水解脂蛋白上之三酸甘油脂。 • LCAT：卵磷脂-膽固醇醯基轉移酶(Lecithin-Cholesterol acyltransferase)，可促進游離膽固醇代謝成膽固醇酯。 2005 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Higher Education 16

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19. Lipoprotein metabolism Chylomicron ↓經過微血管與細胞間，受LPL將TG分解成甘油&FFA。 Chylomicron remnant ↓apoE可讓liver辨識這些殘餘物，而送至肝中代謝。 VLDL ↓內含的TG稱為內生性三酸甘油酯，與chylomicro中外生性TG不同 IDL (含FFA, monoacylglycerol, diacylglycerol) ↓進入肝臟，再變成VLDL ↓變成LDL，再進入肝臟代謝。 ↑ HDL 膽固醇清道夫，將細胞或組織中的膽固醇帶入肝臟。 2005 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Higher Education 19

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22. Metabolism of FA 2005 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Higher Education 22

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25. Metabolism of FA 2005 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Higher Education 25

26. 脂質合成 2005 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Higher Education 26

27. Metabolism Protein 2005 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Higher Education 27

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