Chapter 19

1. Chapter 19 Industrialization and Nationalism1800-1870

2. Section 1: The Industrial Revolution • Main Ideas: • Coal and steam replaced wind and water as new sources of energy and power. • Cities grew as people moved from the country to work in factories. • Important Terms: • Capital • Entrepreneur • Cottage industry • Puddling • Industrial capitalism • Socialism

3. Industrial Revolution in Great Britain • The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain in the 1780s for several reasons. • Improved farming methods increased food supply, which drove food prices down and gave families more money for manufactured goods. • Britain had a ready supply of capital (money to invest) • Surged ahead in the production of the cotton goods, cottage industry. • Series of inventions

4. Inventions • Edmund Cartwright • Flying shuttle, spinning jenny, and the water-powered loom (1787) • These made both weaving and spinning faster, could create machines and bring workers into factories. (no more cottage industry) • James Watt • Improved the steam engine (1782) so it could drive machinery. • Mills no longer had to be located near water, ran on coal. • Lead to the coal industry expanding • Henry Cort • Puddling • Produced a better quality iron…leading to the British iron industry to boom.

5. Railroads • Railroads were crucial to the Industrial Revolution. • The Rocket was the first public railway line, which opened in 1830. • Factories were another important aspect, b/c it created a new labor system.

6. Spread of Industrialization • Britain became the world’s greatest industrial nation. It produced ½ of the world’s cotton goods and coal. • Belgium, France, and Germany were the first to industrialize, principally b/c their governments built infrastructure such as canals and railroads. • United States was also hit by the Industrial Revolution. In 1800, 6 out of every 7 American workers were farmers. By 1860, the number was only 1 out of every 2. • Robert Fulton created the first paddle-wheel steamboat, the Clermont, to help transport goods in the U.S. Railroads would also turn the U.S. into a massive market.

7. What were the social and environmental effects of the Industrial Revolution? (Read textbook and w/s)

8. Section 2: Reaction and Revolution • Main Ideas: • The great powers worked to maintain a conservative order throughout Europe. • The forces of liberalism and nationalism continued to grow and led to the revolutions of 1848. • Important Terms: • Conservatism • Principle of intervention • Liberalism • universal male suffrage

9. Congress of Vienna • After the defeat of Napoleon, European rulers moved to restore the old order. This was the goal of the great powers. • Who where the great powers? • What was the result of the Congress of Vienna? • Royal families would be restored in order to keep peace and stability in Europe. • Rearrangement of territories. • Refer to map on page 590

10. Nationalism • Nationalism started after the French Revolution!

11. Conservatism- based on tradition and social stability. • Klemens Von Metternich- strongly pushed for conservatism in Europe. • Liberalism- a political philosophy based largely on Enlightenment principles, held that people should be as free as possible from government restraint. • Nationalism- arose out of people’s awareness of being part of a community with common traditions, institutions, language, and customs. • Nationalism was a threat to the existing political order. • Conservatives feared this, why?

12. Nationalism • Revolutionary Outburst (read pages 592-594) • Another French Revolution • Trouble in German and Italian states • Revolts in Central Europe

13. Section 3: National Unification and the National State • Main Ideas: • The rise of nationalism contributed to the unification of Italy and Germany. • While nationalism had great appeal, not all peoples achieved the goal of establishing their own national states. • Important Terms: • Militarism • Kaiser • Plebiscite • Emancipation • Abolitionism • secede

14. Nationalism W/S • Effects of Nationalism: • Go through 19.2/19.3 to determine if nationalism unified or brought disunity to the region. • Explain how • Answer the Challenge questions • Nationalism: Two Views • Read the two expressions dealing with nationalism • Answer questions 1-4; do not do the extra challenge.

15. Review Assignment • Pick one of the topics below to create a poster, a mobile, or a brochure. Topics: • The effects/consequences of the Industrial Revolution. (i.e. socialism, child labor, urbanization, new social classes, pollution, etc.) • How did nationalism affect Europe? Pick one country and focus on nationalism within the country during this time period (ch.19-20).

16. Section 4: Culture: Romanticism and Realism • Main Ideas: • At the end of the 18th century, romanticism emerged as a reaction to the ideas of the Enlightenment. • The Industrial Revolution created a new interest in science and helped produce the realist movement. • Key Terms: • Romanticism • Secularization • Organic evolution • Natural selection • Realism Watch video with questions.