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The Home Front Chapter 6 section 2

The Home Front Chapter 6 section 2. How did World War I change America?. WWI began for us in April, 1917. Excitement was high and young men wanted to go to war. The Selective Service Act of 1917 Men 21 and 30 of age had to register 2.8 million men drafted. Volunteers for War:.

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The Home Front Chapter 6 section 2

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  1. The Home Front Chapter 6 section 2 How did World War I change America? WWI began for us in April, 1917 • Excitement was high and young men wanted to go to war. • The Selective Service Act of 1917 • Men 21 and 30 of age had to register • 2.8 million men drafted.

  2. Volunteers for War: • 2 million volunteers • Why? To serve, pride, to be like my father and his father… African Americans: • 400,000 drafted • 42,000 serve overseas • 369th infantry – served with distinction, winning the Croix de Guerre

  3. Women in the Military: • the first war in which women served. • Non-combat positions. • Served as nurses, clerical, radio operators, electricians, pharmacists, and photographers. • 10,000 women served overseas

  4. Organizing Industry During War Time: The War Industry Board – special boards set up by Congress to emphasize cooperation between business and government. They controlled the flow of raw materials, construction of new factories, etc.

  5. Food Administration: • Headed by Herbert Hoover (future President) • Oversaw food production in the USA • Slogan – “Food will win the war – Don’t waste it” • Conservation efforts – • Meatless Tuesdays • Porkless Wednesdays • Wheatless Mondays • Victory Gardens

  6. Fuel Administration: • Managed the nation’s oil and coal supply. • Introduction of the Daylight Savings Time

  7. Paying for the War: • Cost of the War? • $44 million a day • $32 Billion total. • How did they pay for it? • Raise Taxes • Liberty Bonds • War bonds

  8. Mobilization the Workforce: The government wanted labor to help the war, not hinder it. NWLB – National War Labor Board was created to mediate possible labor strikes in order to not disrupt production, which could have crippled the nation’s war production.

  9. Women in the Workforce: • Women filled the jobs left by the men. • Women did work in industrial jobs as well as other non-industrial jobs like postmen, store clerks, teachers, etc. • After the war, many women stayed in the workforce. This is huge: it showed the changing role of women in American society (culture). • It would also give women more credibility when it came to change in public opinion about women’s suffrage.

  10. The Great Migration: • African Americans move from the South (low paying jobs or farm labor) to large cities in the North to take the high paying jobs left by men who went off to war. • This changed the ethnic makeup of the cities – more African American populations. • After the war, many stayed in these high paying jobs.

  11. Mexicans Move North into the USA: • Why? • political turmoil in Mexico. • better paying jobs in the USA, mostly in farm labor and industries. • Labor shortage in the USA • 1917-1920 over 100,000 people migrated north to the USA

  12. Ensuring Public Support for the War: The government wanted to shape public opinion and build support for the war. • The Committee on Public Information: • Purpose – to sell the war. • Public speakers to support the war. • Press releases for the media. • Urged to “rat out” draft dodgers. • ACLU (American Civil Liberties Union) established to protect the rights of citizens.

  13. Civil Liberties curtailed: The Espionage Act of 1917 – created to punish people who tried to help the enemy. Espionage = spying The Sedition Act of 1918 – expanded the definition of espionage to include any expression of opposition to the war.

  14. Climate of Suspicion: The fear of spies coupled with patriotism lead to mistreatment of German Americans. • Names changed from German names to American names to avoid persecution. • Food names changed – Sauerkraut changed to liberty cabbage, hamburgers to Salisbury steak. • Stop listening to music from German composers. • No more German classes at school.

  15. citizens urged to monitor (spy on) fellow Americans. • The American Protective League was established. • Boy Spies of America – like the Boy Scouts, to spy on neighbors and coworkers.

  16. Freedom of Speech Limited: • Schenck vs. The United States - The Supreme Court limits the right of freedom of speech. • If it constitutes a “clear and present danger” to someone else, you can’t say it. • Example – you can’t yell out “fire” in a crowded theater. It would constitute a clear and present danger to the movie-goers. Many things were different in America with the onset of WWI and afterwards.

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