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Physical Geography of Africa

Explore the diverse physical geography of Africa, from the beautiful Atlas Mountains to the vast Sahara Desert, the lush rainforests, and the mighty rivers like the Nile, Congo, and Niger. Discover the unique ecosystems and geological features that shape this incredible continent.

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Physical Geography of Africa

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  1. Physical Geography of Africa  2011 Clairmont Press

  2. Atlas Mountains • Located along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea • Separates the coastal regions from the Sahara Desert

  3. Sahara Desert • Runs across the width of northern Africa • World’s largest desert • Comprised of sand dunes, rocky hills, and wide stretches of gravel • Few people live there • Traders cross the desert to trade

  4. Sahel • Located south of the Sahara • A dry, semi-arid region that is slowly turning into desert • Little rainfall • People have tried to live there, but generations of overgrazing and deforestation have caused soil erosion

  5. Savanna • Located near the Equator • Vast area of grassland and more tropical habitats • Large variety of wildlife, including lions and elephants • Farming is good, when there is good rainfall

  6. Rainforest • Located along the central coast • Hot and humid climates, with dense forests with trees that are hundreds of feet tall • Large variety of animals • Biggest threat: population growth that requires logs for fuel

  7. Kalahari Desert • Located in the southern part of Africa • Surrounded by semi- arid areas that are slowly becoming drier

  8. Nile River • World’s longest river • Flows northward for over 4,000 miles and empties into the Mediterranean Sea • White Nile and Blue Niles are tributaries • Provides water for Sudan and Egypt

  9. Nile River • Why do you think the area around the Nile River looks green from space? • What is the term used to describe what happens at the mouth of the river, shown above?

  10. Lake Victoria • Largest lake in Africa • White Nile begins here • Located in central Africa

  11. Congo River • Flows through central and west Africa, through the largest rainforest in Africa and the second largest in the world. • Begins in central Africa, near Lake Tanganyika • Flows almost 3,000 miles before it reaches the Atlantic Coast

  12. Lake Tanganyika • One of the largest freshwater lakes in the world • Located in central Africa • One of the deepest lakes in the world

  13. Niger River • Third largest river in Africa • Flows from Guinea over 2,600 miles to the coast • Mouth of the river flows a large delta, sometimes referred to the “Oil Delta” because of the petroleum industry centered there

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