Journal #11

1. Journal #11 • Dissenters – people who disagree with official opinions • Covenant – sacred agreement • Proprietors – owners • Get out your Vocab drawings and have them on your desk

2. Announcements • Test Results (Class Averages) • 2nd Hour 76.1 – 5 yards • 4th Hour 72.7 • 1st Hour 70.6 • If test scores do not go up on the written section you will lose the privilege of your review sheet

3. The Colonies from New England to Georgia

4. Bonus Questions • Who were the Pilgrims? What was their first ship? Where did they land? • What were the 3 problems with the Jamestown settlement? • How did Jamestown finally become profitable (make money)?

5. The Great Migration • England experiences an economic downturn in the 1620s • At the same time the Church of England starts to punish Puritans for being dissenters • These problems led to the Great Migration • Between 1630 and 1640 over 40,000 English emigrants moved overseas • Mostly to the Caribbean and New England

7. The Massachusetts Bay Colony • In 1629, a group of Puritans and merchants plan a Puritan colony • They land in Massachusetts in 1630 led by John Winthrop

8. The Puritans • Were well prepared to start their colony • They brought lots of tools and livestock • They could trade with Plymouth • A healthier climate than Virginia • By the end of 1630 over 1,000 men, women, and children came to New England • Towns: Salem, Mystic, Newton, Watertown, and the main city and capital Boston

9. Government in New England • Puritan governments were closely linked to the church – only male church members could vote • In 1636, a minister named Thomas Hooker decided to leave Massachusetts to found Connecticut

10. Thomas Hooker • In 1639 he helped write the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut which made Connecticut’s government more democratic • “The father of American democracy” – His ideas include • Voting rights for a larger group of people • A government that must answer to the people • To set limitations on power through elections

11. Daily Life and Customs • Centered on religion, everyone attended church – 2 sermons every Sunday • Life was much more stable than in Virginia • Most people in Virginia were wealthy or poor while people in New England were usually in between • People in New England grew crops to eat not to sell, they didn’t need as many workers (slaves) • Family was important • Education was more important in New England, most could read (Harvard was founded in 1636)

12. Dissent in Massachusetts • Not all Puritans agreed on everything • Roger Williams did not agree with the leadership of Massachusetts or like that the colony took land from Native Americans • Williams is forced to leave for spreading “diverse, new, and dangerous opinions,” he starts his own colony called Providence (later Rhode Island) based upon 2 principles • Religious tolerance as long as it is separate from government • Fair dealings with Native Americans

13. Dissent in Massachusetts • In Boston, Anne Hutchinson angered the Puritan leaders by publicly discussing her “radical” ideas • Hutchinson is forced out of the colony and starts her own colony (Portsmouth)

14. The Salem Witch Trials • When: In the early 1690s • What: A series of trials in which young girls accused women of casting spells on them • Why: This led to 19 women being put to death, many church leaders later regretted their actions

15. The Southern and Middle Colonies 3.4

16. Maryland • Many English Catholics came to America to escape religious persecution • In 1632 Cecilius Calvert, AKA Lord Baltimore was given a charter to found a new colony • He was a proprietor he did not go to this colony • The colony is a refuge for English Catholics – it is named Maryland after Queen Henrietta Maria

17. Maryland • Was located just north of Virginia in the Chesapeake Bay area • Protestants begin moving to Maryland in the 1640s – conflict arises • To reduce tension, Lord Baltimore gets the Toleration Act of 1649 passed • It makes restricting religious rights a crime • One of the first laws supporting religious tolerance

18. The Carolinas • In 1663 King Charles II gave the land between Virginia and Spanish Florida to 8 men • They called it Carolina – which is a Latin form of Charles • Because the area was too big to govern, it is split into two colonies in 1712 – North and South

19. The Carolinas • North Carolina had few plantations • Rice production in South Carolina required a lot of labor • By 1730 there are 20,000 slaves and 10,000 free whites • It is the only colony with more slaves than whites • The British government buys North and South Carolina from proprietors in the early 1700s

20. The Diversity of New York and New Jersey • The Dutch originally founded New Netherland on Manhattan Island in 1613 • Cheap land and religious tolerance brought Jews, French, Puritans and others to New Netherland • In 1664, the English took control of new Netherland and renamed it New York • The fur trade and wheat production were important to the economy

21. New Jersey • Was created in 1664 between the Hudson and Delaware rivers • It also had a diverse population of Dutch, Swedes, Finns, and Scots

22. Pennsylvania • Quakers were one of the largest religious groups in New Jersey • They rejected formal religious practices • Believed in nonviolence and religious tolerance • Because of their beliefs they were persecuted in England and in the colonies

23. William Penn • Was a Quaker from New Jersey • He wanted to establish a larger colony that would be a safe home for Quakers, he helps to establish Pennsylvania in 1681 • Pennsylvania grew rapidly because of its fair laws and low land prices • Penn named the capital of his colony Philadelphia, or the city of brotherly love. • He laid out the city himself in a checkerboard pattern that became a model for future city planners • Penn bought Delaware in 1682, it was part of Pennsylvania until 1776

24. Georgia • In 1732 King George II granted a charter to establish a colony between South Carolina and Spanish Florida • James Oglethorpe was its founder • The King wanted this colony to be a shield between the English and Spanish colonies • This colony was for poor English citizens including some who had been in jail for unpaid debts • Oglethorpe and 120 others found Savannah, GA on the coast in 1733 • Originally Oglethorpe outlawed slavery to avoid large plantations with wealthy land owners • In 1752 Georgia became a royal colony and was soon filled with large rice plantations and thousands of slaves